Table 1 Demographics and clinical data of patients with or without CPCs
Patient characteristics | CPCs (n = 42) | Non-CPCs (n = 138) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 66.9 ± 9.5 | 61.3 ± 8.3 | < 0.01* |
Gender, n (%) | |||
Male | 23 (54.8%) | 65 (47.1%) | 0.385 |
Female | 19 (45.2%) | 73 (52.9%) | – |
ASA physical status, n (%) | |||
II | 8 (19.0%) | 36 (26.1%) | 0.634 |
III | 23 (54.8%) | 71 (51.4%) | – |
IV | 11 (26.2%) | 31 (22.5%) | – |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 4.1 | 23.1 ± 3.8 | 0.558 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 11 (26.2%) | 32 (23.2%) | 0.690 |
Preoperative medications, n (%) | |||
Beta-blocker | 6 (14.3%) | 42 (30.4%) | 0.038* |
Corticosteroid | 5 (11.9%) | 11 (8.0%) | 0.433 |
Calcium channel antagonist | 6 (14.3%) | 26 (18.8%) | 0.499 |
ACEI or ARB | 5 (11.9%) | 22 (15.9%) | 0.521 |
Diuretic | 6 (14.3%) | 19 (13.8%) | 0.932 |
Anti-platelet | 8 (19.0%) | 33 (23.9%) | 0.510 |
Statin | 7 (16.7%) | 25 (18.1%) | 0.830 |
Resting heart rate (beats/min) | 92.2 ± 8.2 | 82.7 ± 7.9 | < 0.01* |
Prior cardiothoracic surgery, n (%) | 5 (11.9%) | 18 (13.0%) | 0.847 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
Diabetes | 7 (16.7%) | 18 (13.0%) | 0.552 |
Hypertension | 14 (33.3%) | 24 (17.4%) | 0.027* |
COPD | 14 (33.3%) | 32 (23.2%) | 0.187 |
CAD | 12 (28.6%) | 20 (14.5%) | 0.037* |
CKD | 2 (4.8%) | 7 (5.1%) | 0.936 |
Prior myocardial infarction | 6 (14.3%) | 15 (10.9%) | 0.546 |
Atrial fibrillation | 7 (16.7%) | 19 (13.8%) | 0.640 |
RCRI, n (%) | 0.033* | ||
I | 15 (35.7%) | 72 (52.2%) | – |
II | 12 (28.6%) | 42 (30.4%) | – |
III | 15 (35.7%) | 24 (17.4%) | – |
Pathological type, n (%) | 0.954 | ||
Squamous cell carcinoma | 24 (57.1%) | 82 (59.4%) | – |
Adenocarcinoma | 16 (38.1%) | 49 (35.5%) | – |
Mixed | 2 (4.8%) | 7 (5.1%) | – |
Tumor location, n (%) | 0.941 | ||
Upper | 24 (57.1%) | 83 (60.1%) | – |
Middle | 3 (7.1%) | 9 (6.5%) | – |
Lower | 15 (35.7%) | 46 (33.3%) | – |
Clinical stage, n (%) | 0.043* | ||
I-II | 35 (83.3%) | 129 (93.5%) | – |
III-IV | 7 (16.7%) | 9 (6.5%) | – |
Nodal stage, n (%) | 0.189 | ||
N0 | 32 (76.2%) | 121 (87.7%) | – |
N1 | 7 (16.7%) | 12 (8.7%) | – |
N2 | 3 (7.1%) | 5 (3.6%) | – |
Pulmonary function test | |||
Predicted FVC | 92.5 ± 12.6 | 92.6 ± 13.1 | 0.965 |
Predicted FEV1 | 79.3 ± 18.9 | 82.0 ± 20.2 | 0.443 |
Type of surgery, n (%) | 0.613 | ||
Segmentectomy | 6 (14.3%) | 19 (13.8%) | – |
Pneumonectomy | 7 (16.7%) | 15 (10.9%) | – |
Lobectomy | 25 (59.5%) | 82 (59.4%) | – |
Bilobectomy | 4 (9.5%) | 22 (15.9%) | – |
Breakdown of CPCs, n (%) | |||
Pleural effusion | 15 (8.3%) | – | – |
Arrhythmias | 11 (6.1%) | – | – |
Pneumonia | 6 (3.3%) | – | – |
Atelectasis | 3 (1.7%) | – | – |
Respiratory failure | 2 (1.1%) | – | – |
Pneumothorax | 2 (1.1%) | – | – |
ARDS | 2 (1.1%) | – | – |
Myocardial infarction | 1 (0.6%) | – | – |