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Table 2 Univariate and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses of covariates of patient dissatisfaction. Status ‘very satisfied’ was used as the reference category

From: Investigating determinants for patient satisfaction in women receiving epidural analgesia for labour pain: a retrospective cohort study

Characteristics

Univariate analysis

Multivariable analysis

Beta coefficient (SE)

OR (95% CI)

P – value

Beta coefficient (SE)

OR (95% CI)

P – value

Age (years)

−0.01 (0.003)

0.992 (0.985 – 0.999)

0.0215

   

Ethnicity (Ref: Chinese)

  

0.0060+

  

0.0104+

 Indian

−0.16 (0.06)

0.853 (0.761 – 0.956)

0.0064

−0.16 (0.06)

0.853 (0.760 – 0.957)

0.0066

 Malay

−0.04 (0.05)

0.961 (0.878 – 1.052)

0.3875

−0.04 (0.05)

0.959 (0.876 – 1.051)

0.3739

 Others

−0.14 (0.05)

0.865 (0.781 – 0.959)

0.0057

−0.13 (0.05)

0.876 (0.790 – 0.971)

0.0118

Mode of delivery (Ref: NVD)

  

<  0.0001+

  

<  0.0001+

 Instrument-assisted

0.16 (0.06)

1.179 (1.046 – 1.328)

<  0.0001

0.21 (0.06)

1.237 (1.095 – 1.398)

0.0007

 LSCS

−0.56 (0.05)

0.573 (0.518 – 0.634)

<  0.0001

−0.47 (0.05)

0.628 (0.566 – 0.697)

<  0.0001

Multiparity (Ref: No)

0.15 (0.04)

1.166 (1.083 – 1.254)

<  0.0001

0.11 (0.04)

1.119 (1.037 – 1.208)

0.0039

Epidural analgesia (Ref: CSE)

0.09 (0.08)

1.089 (0.929 – 1.277)

0.2913

   

Total time taken to perform procedure (minutes)

0.02 (0.004)

1.019 (1.012 – 1.027)

<  0.0001

   

Pre-epidural cervix dilation (cm)

0.06 (0.02)

1.06 (1.027 - 1.094)

0.0003

0.03 (0.02)

1.034 (1.001 – 1.067)

0.0443

Occurrence of epidural catheter resiting (Ref: No)

0.92 (0.23)

2.499 (1.587 – 3.937)

<  0.0001

1.02 (0.23)

2.775 (1.752 – 4.396)

<  0.0001

Pre-epidural pain score

−0.002 (0.006)

0.998 (0.987 - 1.009)

0.7400

   

Post-epidural pain score

0.09 (0.03)

1.094 (1.024 – 1.151)

0.0058

0.08 (0.03)

1.085 (1.031 – 1.142)

0.0016

Occurrence of breakthrough pain (Ref: No)

0.03 (0.05)

1.032 (0.931 - 1.143)

0.5532

   

Reported post-epidural complications (Ref: No)

      

 Headache

0.83 (0.24)

2.295 (1.437 – 3.664)

0.0005

0.83 (0.24)

2.296 (1.432 – 3.679)

0.0006

 Backache

0.69 (0.07)

1.995 (1.737 – 2.291)

<  0.0001

0.61 (0.07)

1.840 (1.599 – 2.117)

<  0.0001

 Nausea/Vomiting

- 0.02 (0.06)

0.977 (0.867 – 1.102)

0.7076

   

 Shivering

0.07 (0.04)

1.074 (0.989 – 1.166)

0.0912

   

 Itching

0.03 (0.04)

1.034 (0.960 – 1.115)

0.3759

   

 Urinary retention

0.48 (0.12)

1.611 (1.263 – 2.056)

0.0001

0.46 (0.13)

1.591 (1.242 – 2.039)

0.0002

 Neural deficit

0.79 (0.34)

2.205 (1.122 – 4.333)

0.0218

0.76 (0.35)

2.134 (1.077 – 4.228)

0.0297

  1. NVD normal vaginal delivery, LSCS lower-segment caesarean section, CSE combined spinal-epidural
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BMC Anesthesiology

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