Fig. 2

Mean (SD) of rotation angle of the tip of each bougie created by rotating its end. Ideal line (dotted line) denotes complete transmission of the rotational force at the bougie end along the shaft to its tip. The difference between the ideal line and each colored line is that in rotation angle between its end and tip. ^a P < 0.01 vs Venn reusable. ^b P < 0.01 vs Boussignac bougie