Fig. 1

Hemodynamic parameters for rats that survived to 40 min. Systolic blood pressure (a), heart rats (b), and RPP (c) versus time for these survivors during the 40-min observation period were shown in the upper panel. On considering the importance of the early 5 min for the successful resuscitation, systolic blood pressure (d), heart rats (e), and RPP (f) were also specially shown in the lower panel. Significant differences were demonstrated in systolic blood pressure and RPP, but not in heart rate during the 40-min observation period between LiEL, LiE, and LiL groups (P < 0.001; P = 0.001; P = 0.128). Importantly, there were significant differences in above three parameters between LiEL, LiE, and LiL groups in the first 5 min (P < 0.001 for each). Data are presented as means and SD. SBP indicates systolic blood pressure; HR indicates heart rate; RPP indicates rate-pressure product (systolic blood pressure × heart rate)