Table 2 Univariate analysis of potential risk factors for CPSP at 3Â months after hysterectomy
|  | No-CPSP 629 | CPSP 241 | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
 < 45 | 91 (14.5%) | 44 (18.3%) | 1.924 | 0.382 |
 45–54 | 344 (54.7%) | 125 (51.9%) |  |  |
 > 55 | 194 (30.8%) | 72 (29.9%) |  |  |
ASA classification | ||||
 I-II | 606 (92.3%) | 225 (93.4%) | 3.62 | 0.57 |
 III-IV | 23 (3.7%) | 16 (6.6%) |  |  |
Education | ||||
 Illiteracy | 63 (10.0%) | 27 (11.2%) | 0.593 | 0.743 |
 Elementary education | 424 (67.4%) | 156 (64.7%) |  |  |
 High school and above | 142 (22.6%) | 58 (24.1%) |  |  |
Employment | ||||
 Employed | 272 (43.2%) | 98 (40.7%) | 2.306 | 0.316 |
 Housewife | 103 (16.4%) | 50 (20.7%) |  |  |
 Retired | 254 (40.4%) | 93 (38.6%) |  |  |
Preoperative pain | ||||
 Pelvic | 46 (7.3%) | 39 (16.2%) | 74.432 | < 0.001 |
 Elsewhere | 35 (5.65) | 53 (22.0%) |  |  |
 No | 548 (87.1%) | 149 (61.8%) |  |  |
Preoperative analgesic | ||||
 Paracetamol | 27 (4.3%) | 16 (6.6%) | 6.39 | 0.09 |
 NSAIDs | 21 (3.3%) | 14 (5.8%) |  |  |
 Opioid | 9 (1.4%) | 6 (2.5%) |  |  |
 None | 572 (90.9%) | 205 (85.1%) |  |  |
BMI | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<24.44 | 531 (84.45) | 197 (81.7%) | 1.052 | 0.591 |
24.44–28.08 | 87 (13.8%) | 40 (16.6%) |  |  |
>28.08 | 11 (1.7%) | 4 (1.7%) | Â | Â |
Smoking | ||||
 Yes | 24 (3.8%) | 11 (4.6%) | 0.253 | 0.615 |
 No | 605 (96.2%) | 230 (95.4%) |  |  |
Alcohol | ||||
 Yes | 36 (5.7%) | 9 (3.7%) | 1.405 | 0.236 |
 No | 593 (94.3%) | 232 (96.3%) |  |  |
Indicator for hysterectomy | ||||
 Myomas | 433 (68.8%) | 150 (62.2%) | 6.073 | 0.415 |
 Menorrhagia | 23 (3.7%) | 11 (4.6%) |  |  |
 Dysmenorrhoea | 11 (1.7%) | 5 (2.1%) |  |  |
 Cervical dysplasia | 67 (10.7%) | 39 (16.2%) |  |  |
 Endometriosis | 25 (4.0%) | 9 (3.7%) |  |  |
 Uterine prolapsed | 42 (6.7%) | 17 (7.1%) |  |  |
 Adnexal mass | 28 (4.5%) | 10 (4.1%) |  |  |
Hypertension | ||||
 Yes | 69 (11.0%) | 33 (13.7%) | 1.248 | 0.264 |
 No | 560 (89.0%) | 208 (86.3%) |  |  |
Diabetes | ||||
 Oral medication or diet | 38 (6.0%) | 21 (8.7%) | 2.005 | 0.367 |
 On insulin | 12 (2.0%) | 4 (1.7%) |  |  |
 No | 579 (92.1%) | 216 (89.6%) |  |  |
Coronary heart disease | ||||
 Yes | 7 (1.1%) | 2 (0.8%) | 0.136 | 0.712 |
 No | 622 (98.9%) | 239 (99.2%) |  |  |
Prior caesarean section | ||||
 Yes | 33 (5.2%) | 21 (8.7%) | 3.598 | 0.058 |
 No | 596 (94.8%) | 220 (91.3%) |  |  |
Prior laparotomy (Not CS) | ||||
 Yes | 38 (6.0%) | 23 (9.5%) | 3.278 | 0.070 |
 No | 591 (94.0%) | 218 (90.5%) |  |  |
Prior laparoscopy | ||||
 Yes | 24 (3.8%) | 14 (5.8%) | 1.658 | 0.198 |
 No | 605 (96.2%) | 227 (94.2%) |  |  |
Anxiety (HADS) | ||||
 Yes | 88 (14.0%) | 55 (22.8%) | 9.893 | 0.002 |
 No | 541 (86.0%) | 186 (77.2%) |  |  |
Depression(HADS) | ||||
 Yes | 31 (4.9%) | 22 (9.1%) | 5.373 | 0.02 |
 No | 598 (95.1%) | 219 (90.9%) |  |  |
Sexual satisfaction | ||||
 Very-moderately satisfied | 337 (53.6%) | 107 (44.4%) | 16.166 | < 0.001 |
 Equally satisfied and dissatisfied | 204 (32.4%) | 73 (30.3%) |  |  |
 Very-moderately dissatisfied | 88 (14.0%) | 61 (25.3%) |  |  |
Type of surgery | ||||
 lower abdominal | 223 (35.5%) | 86 (35.7%) | 2.479 | 0.648 |
 Pfannenstiel | 158 (25.1%) | 60 (24.9%) |  |  |
 Vaginal | 76 (12.1%) | 37 (15.4%) |  |  |
 LH | 133 (21.1%) | 47 (19.5%) |  |  |
 LAVH | 39 (6.2%) | 11 (4.6%) |  |  |
Type of anesthesia | ||||
 TIVA | 168 (26.7%) | 74 (30.7%) | 1.558 | 0.459 |
 IA | 95 (15.1%) | 37 (15.4%) |  |  |
 Epidural | 366 (58.2%) | 130 (53.9%) |  |  |
Postoperative analgesia | ||||
 PCEA | 366 (58.2%) | 130 (53.9%) | 1.282 | 0.258 |
 PCIA | 263 (41.8%) | 111 (46.1%) |  |  |
Dexmedetomidine | ||||
 Infusion(0.5 μg/kg/h) | 109 (17.3%) | 22 (9.1%) | 10.16 | 0.006 |
 Bolus(1 μg/kg) | 104 (16.5%) | 37 (15.4%) |  |  |
 No | 416 (66.1%) | 182 (75.5%) |  |  |
Ketamine | ||||
 Bolus(1 mg/kg) | 37 (5.9%) | 11(4.6%) | 0.581 | 0.446 |
 No | 592 (94.1%) | 230 (95.4%) |  |  |
Acute pain intensity at rest with 24Â h | ||||
 NRS < 3 | 511 (81.2%) | 185 (76.8%) | 2.182 | 0.14 |
 NRS ≥ 3 | 118 (18.8%) | 56 (23.2%) |  |  |
Acute pain intensity at movement with 24Â h | ||||
 NRS < 3 | 464 (73.8%) | 147 (61.0%) | 13.595 | < 0.001 |
 NRS ≥ 3 | 165 (26.2%) | 94 (39.0%) |  |  |
Blood loss | ||||
 < 400 ml | 603 (95.8%) | 228 (94.6%) | 0.647 | 0.421 |
 ≥ 400 ml | 26 (4.1%) | 13 (5.4%) |  |  |
Duration of surgery | ||||
 < 2 h | 582 (92.5%) | 213 (88.4%) | 3.802 | 0.051 |
 ≥ 2 h | 47 (7.5%) | 28 (11.6%) |  |  |
Blood infusion | ||||
 Yes | 17 (2.7%) | 9 (3.7%) | 0.640 | 0.424 |
 No | 612 (95.7%) | 232 (96.3%) |  |  |