Table 1 Patient characteristics, surgery characteristics and occurrence of pulmonary complications
Study sample (n = 94) | |
|---|---|
Characteristic | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
General characteristics | |
 Age | 61 ± 13 |
 Male gender | 56 (60) |
 Body Mass Index | 25 ± 5 |
 Daily tobacco consumption | 30 (32) |
 Daily alcohol consumption | 13 (14) |
 ASA score > 2 | 50 (53) |
General comorbidities | |
 COPD | 9 (10) |
 Asthma | 4 (4) |
 ASS | 6 (6) |
 Cardiomyopathy | 10 (11) |
 Chronic Kidney Disease | 8 (9) |
 Diabetes | 11 (12) |
Hepatic comorbidities | |
 Non cancer hepatopathy | 24 (26) |
  HCV infection | 7 (7) |
  HBV infection | 5 (5) |
  NASH | 12 (12) |
  Alcoholic cirrhosis | 4 (4) |
 Cirrhosis | 19 (20) |
 Portal hypertension | 8 (9) |
 Cholestasis | 6 (6) |
 Liver underwent chimiotherapy | 4 (4) |
Etiology of surgery | |
 Primitive HCC | 22 (23) |
 Metastasis | 55 (59) |
  Primitive colic cancer | 33 (35) |
  Primitive stomach cancer | 4 (4) |
  Primitive breast cancer | 4 (4) |
  Others | 17 (18) |
Surgery characteristics | |
 Major hepatectomy | 45 (48) |
 Minor hepatectomy | 40 (43) |
 Tumorectomy | 9 (10) |
 Presence of clamping | 69 (73) |
  by PTC | 54 (57) |
  By TVEL | 11 (12) |
  By PTC and TVEL | 4 (4) |
  Intermittent | 24 (26) |
  Continuous | 45 (48) |
 Ischemia duration in min | 26 ± 21 |
 Bleeding volume in mL | 529 ± 389 |
 Duration of surgery in min | 254 ± 89 |
Anesthetic characteristics | |
 Blood transfusion | 27 (29) |
  blood volume transfused in mL | 926 ± 562 |
 Diuresis volume | 398 ± 309 |
 Use of vasopressive drug(s) | 47 (50) |
Pulmonary complications | |
 Presence of ≥1 complications (PPCs) | 32 (34) |
  In those: | |
  ARDS | 1 (1) |
   Pulmonary embolism | 4 (4) |
   Drained pleural effusion | 6 (6) |
   Pneumonia | 13 (14) |