Fig. 3

Hemodynamic data in patients with and without carotid artery stenosis (CAS) (A: Mean arterial pressure (MAP), B: Cardiac index, C: Central venous pressure (CVP)). The data are presented as mean (SE) and at specific points during anesthesia: before anesthesia induction (Baseline), at skin incision (Skin incision), at heparin administration (Heparin), at the beginning of grafting the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), at the beginning of grafting the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX), at the beginning of grafting the right coronary artery (RCA), at protamine administration (Protamine), and at chest closure (Chest closure). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the group’s Baseline or Skin incision. ++p < 0.01, +++p < 0.001 compared with the group’s Skin incision. ††p < 0.01, †††p < 0.001 compared with the group’s Heparin administration.