Table 3 Cardiovascular, inflammatory and renal biomarkers of potential interest in predicting long-term mortality in critically ill patients
Name | Function | Clinical interest | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Cardio-vascular biomarkers | |||
copeptine | Peptide of stress deriving from vasopressine | marker of cardiovascular disease | Khan SQ, 2007 |
Proenkephalin | endogenous opiod polypeptide hormon | marker of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease | Seizinger BR, 1985 |
Troponin I us | part of troponin complex, heart contraction | marker of myocyte injury | Labugger R, 2000 |
Troponine T hs | part of troponin complex, heart contraction | marker of myocyte injury | Labugger R, 2000 |
Brian natriuretic peptide (BNP) | increase of natriuresis and decrease of vasculare resistance | marker of myocyte stress | Davidson NC, 1994 |
N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) | biologically inactive segment of BNP | marker of myocyte stress | Moe GW, 2007 |
adrenomedullin (ADM) | vasodilatation, induction of angiogenesis, protection against oxydative stress and hypoxic injury | marker of myocyte stress | Khan SQ, 2007 |
Soluble ST2 | involved in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis | marker of myocyte stress | Shah RV, 2010 |
galectine 3 | involved in inflammation, fibrosis and neoplastic transformation | marker of heart failure | de Boer RA, 2009 |
Biomarkers of infection and/or inflammation | |||
C-reactive protrine (CRP) | acute-phase protein | marker of inflammation/infection | Elster SK, 1956 |
Interleukine 6 | pro-inflammation and anti-inflammation cytokine | marker of inflammation/infection | Castell JV, 1990 |
procalcitonin (PCT) | precursor of calcitonin | marker of infection, mostly bacterial | Jones AE, 2007 |
Renal biomarkers | |||
Plasmatic cystatin C | protein derived by all nucleated cells, readsorbed by proximal tubular cells | marker of decrease glomerular filtration rate | Roos JF, 2007 |
Urinary cystatin C | protein derived by all nucleated cells, readsorbed by proximal tubular cells | marker of renal tubular injury | Roos JF, 2007 |
Plasmatic and urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocain (NGAL) | involve in innate immunity | marker of renal tubular injury | Kjeldsen L 1993 |