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Table 3 Maximum scores for the Riker’s sedation-agitation scale, visual analogue score, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting

From: Effects of dexmedetomidine on smooth emergence from anaesthesia in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery

 

P-value (all groups)

Group SN (n = 28)

Group SD (n = 27)

P value (group SN vs. SD)

Group TN (n = 30)

Group TD (n = 30)

P value (group TN vs. TD)

Maximum RSAS

<0.001

5.4 (1.0)

4.1 (0.3)

<0.001

4.9 (1.2)

4.2 (0.7)

0.041

VAS

0.020

6.6 (1.9)

5.3 (1.9)

0.011

5.7 (2.1)

5.1 (1.6)

0.246

PONV

0.003

11 (39.3)

9 (34.6)

0.654

3 (10.0)

2 (6.7)

0.732

Duration of recovery room stay (min)

0.567

42.1 (6.7)

41.5 (6.1)

0.534

42.0 (7.3)

43.2 (7.3)

0.276

  1. Values are the mean (SD) or number (%). Group SN, inhalation anaesthesia using sevoflurane and normal saline administered as a control; Group SD, inhalation anaesthesia using sevoflurane and adjuvant dexmedetomidine; Group TN, TIVA using propofol and remifentanil and normal saline administered as a control; Group TD, TIVA using propofol and remifentanil, and adjuvant dexmedetomidine; RSAS Riker’s sedation-agitation scale, VAS visual analogue score, PONV postoperative nausea and vomiting