Fig. 4From: Effects of dexmedetomidine on smooth emergence from anaesthesia in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgeryIncidence of emergence agitation and dangerous emergence agitation in the recovery room 30 min after arrival. Group SN, inhalation anaesthesia using sevoflurane and normal saline administered as a control; Group SD, inhalation anaesthesia using sevoflurane and adjuvant dexmedetomidine; Group TN, TIVA using propofol and remifentanil and normal saline administered as a control; Group TD, TIVA using propofol and remifentanil, and adjuvant dexmedetomidine; TIVA, total intravenous administration; EA, emergence agitation. Emergence agitation was defined as a Riker’s sedation-agitation scale greater than 5, and dangerous EA was defined as a score greater than 7Back to article page