Table 2 Demographics, surgical and anesthetic characteristics

Age, years

54.8 ± 16.8

54.9 ± 16.8

0.765

Male sex

1,539 (52.5)

1,689 (53.8)

0.291

ASA-PS

0.008

 I

267 (9.1)

313 (10.0)

 II

1,686 (57.4)

1,731 (55.2)

 III

945 (32.2)

1,019 (32.5)

 IV

38 (1.3)

74 (2.4)

BMI, kg/m²

29.7 ± 7.7

29.4 ± 7.6

0.234

Surgical type

0.054

 General

1,070 (36.4)

1,034 (33.0)

 Head/Neck

674 (23.0)

811 (25.8)

 Urology

613 (20.9)

642 (20.5)

 Ophthalmology

180 (6.1)

174 (5.5)

 Plastics

168 (5.7)

205 (6.5)

 Gastrointestinal

157 (5.4)

190 (6.1)

 Orthopedics

50 (1.7)

53 (1.7)

 Neurosurgical

13 (0.4)

12 (0.4)

 Thoracic

11 (0.4)

16 (0.5)

Surgery duration, minutes

129 ± 97

125 ± 93.1

0.131

Intraoperative opioids, iv ME, mg

25 [10,35]

25 [15,35]

<0.001

Intraoperative ketorolac

407 (13.9)

516 (16.5)

0.005

NDMR use^†

1,594 (54.3)

1,848 (58.9)

<0.001

Neuraxial analgesia used

88 (3.0)

119 (3.8)

0.090

Intraoperative use:

Bronchodilators

41 (1.4)

64 (2.0)

0.061

Antihypertensives

442 (15.1)

481 (15.3)

0.775

Antiarrhythmics

7 (0.2)

4 (0.1)

0.775

Vasopressors

41 (1.4)

64 (2.0)

0.061