Remifentanil added to sufentanil-sevoflurane anesthesia suppresses hemodynamic and metabolic stress responses to intense surgical stimuli more effectively than high-dose sufentanil-sevoflurane alone

Table 4 Extended hemodynamic monitoring data

	Measuring time points
	Before sternotomy		During sternotomy		After sternotomy
Parameter	Study	Control	Study	Control	Study	Control
PAPsyst (mmHg)	29 ± 9	29 ± 7	31 ± 8	33 ± 8	31 ± 6	31 ± 8
PCWP (mmHg)	14 [3–28]	16 [6–26]	13 [6–26]	17 [8–26]*	13 [8–26]	16 [8–25]
CI (l min^-1 m^-2)	1.5 ± 0.4	1.4 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.3	1.5 ± 0.4	1.4 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.3
EF (%)	52 ± 12	50 ± 13	52 ± 12	46 ± 13*	51 ± 11	50 ± 13
∆ EF from before to during sternotomy (%)			1.4 ± 10	- 7.6 ± 16^†
SVRI	3176 ± 1251	3220 ± 873	3323 ± 1299	3868 ± 1062^§	2918 ± 551	2992 ± 756
VO₂ (ml min^-1)	144 ± 25.4	155 ± 41.1	153 ± 34.2	186 ± 49.6*	156 ± 27	173 ± 41.1*
∆VO₂ from before to during sternotomy (%)			- 0.4 ± 32	31 ± 46^†
S_vO₂	78.3 ± 6.6	78.3 ± 5.7	77.7 ± 5.9	78.6 ± 6.7	77.3 ± 9.2	79.0 ± 5.9

(mean ± standard deviation or median [range]).
Abbreviations and symbols: PAPsyst = systolic pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP = pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; CI = cardiac index; EF = left vetricular ejection fraction; SVRI = systemic vascular resistance index; VO₂ = oxygen uptake; S_vO₂ = mixed venous oxygen saturation.
*p ≤ 0.05; ^†p < 0.01; ^‡p < 0.001 study group vs. control group; ^§p ≤ 0.05 before vs. during sternotomy (paired t-test).

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