Table 1 Patient characteristics and outcome

Age in years, median (IQR)

59 (48–67)

61 (52–69)

43 (35–52)

<0.001 ^c

Age group, n (%)

0.002^b

  <65 years

42 (60)

30 (52)

12 (100)

  65 years

28 (40)

28 (48)

0 (0)

Sex, n (%)

0. 011 ^a

Male

35 (50)

33 (57)

2 (17)

Female

35 (50)

25 (43)

10 (83)

ASA physical status, n (%)

<0. 001 ^a

  I/II

23 (33)

11 (19)

12 (100)

  III/IV

47 (67)

47 (81)

0 (0)

Body Mass Index in Kg/m², median (IQR)

25 (22–30)

26 (23–30)

22 (21–30)

0.163^b

Type of anesthesia, n (%)

0.440^a

  General

59 (84)

48 (83)

11 (92)

  Combined general locorregional

11 (16)

10 (17)

1(8)

Duration of anesthesia (minutes), median (IQR)

300 (268–360)

300 (270–360)

285 (245–315)

0.298^b

Intraoperative fluid volume

  Crystalloids (L.), median (P25–P75)

4.0 (3.2 – 4.9)

4.0 (3.3 – 4.9)

3.0 (3.0 – 5.2)

0.174^b

  Colloids (L.), median (P25–P75)

0.5 (0 – 0.5)

0.5 (0 – 0.5)

0 (0 – 0.4)

0.083^b

  Erythrocytes (Unit), median (P25–P75)

0 (0 – 1.0)

0 (0 – 1.0)

0 (0 – 0.0)

0.163^b

  Fresh Frozen plasma (Unit), median (P25–P75)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.295^b

  Platelets (Unit), median (P25–P75)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.517^b

Temperature at PACU admission (°C), median (IQR)

34.7 (33.9–35.5)

34.8 (33.9–35.6)

34.7 (33.5–35.2)

0.623^b

Hypertension, n (%)

37 (53)

35 (60)

2 (17)

0. 006 ^a

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

25 (36)

24 (41)

1 (8)

0. 030 ^a

Pulmonary obstructive disease, n (%)

8 (11)

8 (14)

0 (0)

0.172^a

Ischemic heart disease, n (%)

6 (9)

6 (10)

0 (0)

0.244^a

Congestive heart disease, n (%)

10 (14)

10 (17)

0 (0)

0.132^a

Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)

3 (4)

3 (5)

0 (0)

0.778^a

Renal insufficiency, n (%)

4 (6)

3(5)

1 (8)

0.668^a

Insulin therapy for diabetes, n (%)

3 (4)

3(5)

0 (0)

0.421^a

Total RCRI, n (%)

0.349^a

  ≤2

66 (94)

54 (93)

12 (100)

  >2

4 (6)

4 (7)

0 (0)

Katz scale, median (IQR)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.424^b

Dependency in I-ADL, n (%)

3 (4)

3 (5)

0 (0)

0.421^a

Lawton I-ADL, median (IQR)

7 (7–7)

7 (7–7)

7 (7–7)

0.176^b

Dependency in P-ADL, n (%)

7 (10)

7 (12)

0 (0)

0.205^a

SAPS II, median (P25–75)

24 (15–37)

29 (21–39)

7 (0–13)

<0. 001 ^b

APACHE II, median (IQR)

7 (5–11)

8 (6–11)

4 (3–6)

<0. 001 ^b

AKI

7 (10)

6 (10)

1(8)

0.833^a

Delirium

17 (24)

17 (29)

0 (0)

0. 025 ^a

PACU length of stay (minutes), median (IQR)

21 (19–57)

21 (19–57)

31 (20–60)

0.501^a

Hospital length of stay (days), median (IQR)

10 (7–15)

11 (7–16)

8 (7–11)

0. 034 ^b

Mortality in PACU, n (%)

3(4)

3 (5)

0 (0)

0.421^a

Mortality in hospital, n (%)

5 (7)

5 (9)

0 (0)

0.291^a

Mortality at 6 months follow- up

13 (19)

13 (22)

0 (0)

0. 011 ^a