Elevated central venous pressure is associated with impairment of microcirculatory blood flow in sepsis: a hypothesis generating post hoc analysis

Table 2 Haemodynamic variables and microcirculatory parameters for all measurements as well as per CVP group

	All (n = 140)	CVP ≤12 mmHg (n = 80)	CVP >12 mmHg (n = 60)	P ^a
MAP (mmHg)	70 ± 13	68 ± 12	75 ± 13	0.443
Cardiac index (l/min/m ² )	4.2 ± 1.3	4.3 ± 1.1	4.0 ± 1.5	0.121
CVP (mmHg)	12.3 ± 4.6	9.0 ± 2.8	16.6 ± 2.4	0.000*
Perfusion pressure (mmHg)	57 ± 13	55 ± 13	59 ± 12	0.055
PEEP (cm H ₂ O)	13 ± 3	13 ± 3	14 ± 3	0.053
SvO ₂ (%)	71 ± 7.9	72 ± 7.0	68 ± 8.5	0.003*
Lactate (mmol/L)	2.6 ± 2.2	1.8 ± 1.4	3.6 ± 2.6	0.000*
Dopamine (n,%, μg/kg/min)	121, 86, 6.7 ± 3.1	66, 83, 5.9 ± 2.7	55, 92, 7.9 ± 3.1	0.000*^,b
Norepinephrine (n,%, μg/kg/min)	68, 49, 0.14 ± 0.15	32, 40, 0.10 ± 0.06	36, 60, 0.18 ± 0.19	0.013*^,b
MFI (AU)	1.70 ± 0.95	1.89 ± 0.91	1.44 ± 0.94	0.006*
PPV (%)	92 ± 15	95 ± 8	88 ± 21	0.006*
TVD (mm/mm ² )	14.18 ± 2.11	14.31 ± 1.95	14.00 ± 2.31	0.410
PVD (mm/mm ² )	13.70 ± 7.88	14.66 ± 9.81	12.42 ± 3.8	0.066

Mean ± SD unless specified otherwise. CVP = Central venous pressure. MAP = mean arterial pressure. Perfusion pressure = MAP minus CVP. SvO₂ = mixed venous oxygen saturation. MFI = microvascular flow index. AU = arbitrary units. TVD = total vessel density. PPV = percentage of perfused vessels. PVD = perfused vessel density. TVD, MFI, PPV and PVD for small vessels, i.e. < 20 μmeter. *P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. ^a For differences between CVP-groups. ^bfor difference in dose between CVP groups.

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