Lidocaine effects on neutrophil extracellular trapping and angiogenesis biomarkers in postoperative breast cancer patients with different anesthesia methods: a prospective, randomized trial

Table 3 Serum biomarkers

		Group S	Group SL	Group P	Group PL	P
		Sevoflurane	Sevoflurane + lidocaine	Propofol-TIVA	Propofol-TIVA + lidocaine
Trial groups		(n = 29)	(n = 30)	(n = 30)	(n = 30)
H3Cit (ng ml⁻¹)	Preoperative	4.17(3.58–4.67)	3.98(3.34–4.62)	4.05(3.44–4.52)	4.01(3.56–4.42)	0.877
	Postoperative	3.61(3.10–3.94)^*	3.21(2.77–3.91)†	3.21(2.92–3.57)^‡	3.08(2.66–3.65)^¥	0.0003^*
						< 0.0001^†
						< 0.0001^‡
						< 0.0001^¥
MPO (ng ml⁻¹)	Preoperative	10.39(6.89–17.22)	8.62(6.13–16.90)	9.45(6.73–17.37)	8.69(6.72–18.80)	0.928
	Postoperative	14.31(8.55–20.87)^§	13.44(9.42–16.16)	14.34(9.87–19.75)^**	12.08(6.37–20.23)	0.032^§
						0.035^**
NE (ng ml⁻¹)	Preoperative	182.70(85.66-285.85)	184.70(92.66-298.65)	154.22(97.31–325.30)	172.34(102.25-300.23)	0.999
	Postoperative	226.20(91.85-391.65)^¶	199.33(137.05–276.70)	308.66(132.36-483.57) ^##	191.30(89.36-318.61)	0.045^¶
						0.037^##
MMP-9 (ng ml⁻¹)	Preoperative	735.82(538.11-1036.80)	739.80(486.81-1037.14)	647.91(472.22-1268.65)	719.35(513.42-973.21)	0.999
	Postoperative	1622.04(1073.59–1945.00) ^***	1564.15(972.44-2138.75)^ꝭ	1364.97(868.04-1902.74)^£	1509.65(1121.78-1946.54)^#	< 0.0001^***
						< 0.0001^ꝭ
						0.013^£
						< 0.0001^#
VEGF-A (pg ml⁻¹)	Preoperative	103.90(40.49-192.93)	90.36(34.53-170.03)	100.59(62.12–136.80)	123.03(82.09–189.20)	0.243
	Postoperative	114.29(55.04-170.85)	95.78(50.61-202.51)	96.86(52.85-129.77)	117.35(89.77-190.17)	0.234

H3Cit citrullinated histone H3, MPO Myeloperoxidase, NE Neutrophil elastase, MMP Matrix metalloproteinase, VEGF-A vascular endothelial growth factor-A
^*P = 0.0003 for the preoperative vs. postoperative H3Cit concentration change in the S group
^†P < 0.0001 for the preoperative vs. postoperative H3Cit concentration change in the SL group
^‡P < 0.0001 for the preoperative vs. postoperative H3Cit concentration change in the P group
^¥P < 0.0001 for the preoperative vs. postoperative H3Cit concentration change in the PL group
^§P = 0.032 for the preoperative vs. postoperative MPO concentrations change in the S group
^**P = 0.035 for the preoperative vs. postoperative MPO concentration change in the P group
^¶P = 0.045 for the preoperative vs. postoperative NE concentration change in the S group
^##P = 0.037 for the preoperative vs. postoperative NE concentration change in the P group
^***P < 0.0001 for the preoperative vs. postoperative MMP-9 concentration change in the S group
^ꝭP < 0.0001 for the preoperative vs. postoperative MMP-9 concentration change in the SL group
^£P = 0.013 for the preoperative vs. postoperative MMP-9 concentration change in the P group
^#P < 0.0001 for the preoperative vs. postoperative MMP-9 concentration change in the PL group. All data shown are median (25–75% interquartile range)

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