Table 2 Temperature measurements and perfusion indices. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation and median (quartiles)

Canthal-toe temperature gradient (°C)

0

12.8 ± 3.8

12.8 ± 3.8

0.986

6 h

11.2 ± 5.0

13.3 ± 3.4

0.091

12 h

9.9 ± 6.1

13.9 ± 3.7

0.004

Room-toe temperature gradient (°C)

0

0.5 (-1.0, 2.5)

1.2 (-0.4, 2.8)

0.385

6 h

-0.7 (-0.4, 1.0)

0.1 (-2.1, 1.0)

0.401

12 h

-0.5 (-10.9, 1.7)

0.8 (-2.0, 2.5)

0.179

Toe temperature (°C)

0

20.9 ± 3.8

20.9 ± 3.7

0.969

6 h

23.7 ± 4.8

21.1 ± 3.5

0.036

12 h

25.6 ± 6.4

20.8 ± 3.5

0.001

Serum lactate (mmol/L)

0

2.5 (2.2, 4.2)

5 (2.7, 8.4)

0.011

6 h

2.4 (1.4, 3.8)

4.7 (3.1, 8.6)

0.001

12 h

1.9 (1.2, 2.5)

4.2 (2.3, 7.9)

< 0.001

CRT (s)

0

2.5 (1.5, 3.0)

4.0 (3.0, 5.5)

0.006

6 h

2.0 (1.5, 2.5)

4.0 (2.8, 5.2)

0.001

12 h

1.5 (1.2, 3.0)

4.5 (1.8, 6.8)

< 0.001