Table 3 Risk of bias assessment
Study ID | Domain 1. Randomization process | Domain 2. Deviations from intended interventions 1 | Domain 2. Deviations from intended interventions 2 | Domain 3. Missing outcome data | Domain 4. Measurement of the outcome | Domain 5. Selection of the reported result | Domain 6. Overall Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bober2020 [27] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Chen 2023 [37] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Deniz2014 [23] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some Concerns |
Desmet2017 [26] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Gola 2021 [24] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some Concerns |
Liu 2020 [28] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | High risk | Some concerns | Some concerns | High risk |
Shariat2013 [29] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Stevens2007 [25] | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |