Table 2 The results of Univariate, Multivariable and Stepwise logistic regression analysis

OR(95%CI)

P

OR(95%CI)

P

OR(95%CI)

P

Age

1.03(1.02–1.04)

< 0.001

1.001(0.99–1.01)

0.920

Gender

 Male

1(reference)

1(reference)

1(reference)

 Female

0.34(0.27–0.44)

< 0.001

0.45(0.34–0.58)

< 0.001

0.45(0.34–0.58)

< 0.001

ASA classification

 I

1(reference)

 II

1.08(0.73–1.61)

0.697

 III

1.66(1.02–2.69)

0.040

Type of surgery

Head and Neck Surgery

1(reference)

1(reference)

1(reference)

Thyroid or breast surgery

0.54(0.21–1.41)

0.208

1.63(0.60–4.47)

0.339

1.62(0.59–4.52)

0.348

 Thoracic surgery

2.73(1.31–5.70)

0.007

4.60(2.04–10.37)

< 0.001

4.60(2.15–11.10)

< 0.001

 Abdominal surgery

3.72(1.84–7.56)

< 0.001

8.99(4.20-19.23)

< 0.001

9.02(4.50-20.78)

< 0.001

 Limb surgery

1.62(0.20-13.07)

0.650

3.14(0.38–26.18)

0.290

3.11(0.16–17.94)

0.294

Postoperative use of PCA

2.09(1.63–2.69)

< 0.001

1.51(1.12–2.05)

0.006

1.47(1.11–1.97)

0.007

Intraoperative adjuvant medication

 Dexmedetomidine

1.41(1.11–1.79)

0.004

0.92(0.70–1.20)

0.528

 Opioid agonists

1.50(1.21–2.02)

0.006

1.93(1.39–2.68)

< 0.001

1.95(1.39–2.68)

< 0.001

 NSAIDS

0.49(0.39–0.61)

< 0.001

0.46(0.36–0.58)

< 0.001

0.46(0.37–0.59)

< 0.001

Epidural analgesia

0.19(0.13–0.29)

< 0.001

0.07(0.05–0.11)

< 0.001

0.07(0.05–0.11)

< 0.001

Duration of anaesthesia

1.003(1.003–1.004)

< 0.001

1.003(1.001–1.004)

< 0.001

1.003(1.001–1.004)

< 0.001

Intraoperative massive haemorrhage

2.69(1.68–4.32)

< 0.001

2.49(1.50–4.14)

0.001

2.51(1.47–4.07)

< 0.001