The effects of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery with Trendelenburg position on short-term postoperative respiratory diaphragmatic function

Table 3 Diaphragm variables at each time point

Variables	Group	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄
DE(cm)	robot-assisted surgery group	1.84(1.54, 2.05)	1.25(1.06, 142)†	1.29(1.15, 1.60)	1.46(1.19, 1.62)*#
DE(cm)	general surgery group	1.51(1.36, 1.79)	1.48(1.27, 1.70)†	1.52(1.32, 1.65)	1.52(1.34, 1.67)
DTF	robot-assisted surgery group	0.42(0.37, 0.45)	0.33(0.27, 0.38)†	0.35(0.32, 0.40)	0.35(0.32, 0.40)#
DTF	general surgery group	0.38(0.36, 0.46)	0.39(0.35, 0.42)	0.38(0.35, 0.42)	0.40(0.36, 0.42)

DE: diaphragm excursion, DTF: diaphragm thickening fraction. †: p-value < 0.05;*: p-value < 0.05; #: p-value < 0.05

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