Impact of intrathecal morphine analgesia on the incidence of pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery: a single center propensity-matched cohort study

Table 2 Patient outcomes before and after propensity score matching

	Entire sample				Propensity Matched Cohort
Outcomes	IVA		ITMA		IVA		ITMA		OR (95% CI)	P-Value
	N = 623		N = 920		N = 557		N = 557		OR (95% CI)	P-Value
Respiratory complications	84	(13.5)	83	(9.0)	71	(12.8)	45	(8.1)	0.60 (0.40–0.89)	0.012
Acute respiratory insufficiency	49	(7.9)	47	(5.1)	45	(8.1)	22	(4.0)	0.45 (0.21–0.98)	0.047
Pneumonia	52	(8.4)	43	(4.7)	43	(7.7)	27	(4.9)	0.60 (0.36–0.99)	0.048
ARDS	5	(0.8)	3	(0.3)	5	(0.8)	0	(0.0)	NA	NA
Secondary outcomes
Death (60d post-op)	34	(5.5)	29	(3.2)	33	(5.9)	22	(4.0)	0.66 (0.38–1.14)	0.134
Myocardial infarction	61	(9.8)	48	(5.2)	49	(8.8)	33	(5.9)	0.66 (0.42–1.04)	0.072
Stroke	25	(4.0)	31	(3.7)	20	(3.6)	24	(4.3)	1.22 (0.66–2.28)	0.528
IABP	18	(2.9)	29	(3.2)	18	(2.9)	19	(3.4)	1.06 (0.54–2.10)	0.862
Postoperative Bleeding ^a	63	(10.1)	66	(7.2)	56	(10.1)	41	(7.4)	0.71 (0.46–1.08)	0.111
ICU stay, days ^b	2	(1–4)	2	(1–3)	2	(1–4)	2	(1–3)		0.014 ^c
ICU stay >4 days	135	(21.7)	146	(15.9)	118	(21.2)	92	(16.5)	0.73 (0.54–0.99)	0.047
Hospital stay days ^b	13	(10–17)	12	(9–16)	13	(10–17)	12	(9–16)		0.038 ^c
Hospital stay >15 days	197	(31.6)	247	(26.9)	177	(31.8)	142	(25.5)	0.74 (0.57–0.96)	0.024

Data given as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. Conditional logistic regression was used for statistical tests in the matched cohort unless otherwise indicated
IVA intravenous analgesia; ITMA intrathecal morphine analgesia; ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome; IABP intra-aortic balloon pump; ICU intensive care unit
^a Composite of post-procedural hemorrhage, acute post-hemorrhagic anemia, and hypovolemic choc
^b Data given as median (interquartile range)
^c Wilcoxon signed-rank test

ISSN: 1471-2253