Table 8 Results of the incidence of pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and respiratory
From: General vs. neuraxial anaesthesia in hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author/Reference | Study type | Anaesthesia | Sample size | Outcome parameter | Results | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basques et al. 2015 [8] | Retrospective observational study | GA vs. SA | n = 9.842 GA = 7.253 (73.7%) SA = 2.589 (26.3%) | Pneumonia | SA vs. GA: 4.2% vs. 3.6%, OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.1.07, p = 0.154 | The incidence of pneumonia was similar between the two groups. |
Chu et al. 2015 [25] | Retrospective observational study | GA vs. NA (spinal/epidural) | n = 104.088 A = 52.044 NA = 52.044 | Acute respiratory failure | NA vs. GA: 328 (0.63%) vs. 868 (1.67), p < 0001 | The incidence of respiratory failure was significantly lower in the neuraxial group. |
Fields et al. 2010 [9] | Retrospective observational study | GA vs. SA | n = 6.133 GA = 4.318 (72.6%) SA = 1.815 (27.4%) | Pneumonia Pulmonary embolism | Pneumonia: SA vs. GA: 3.58% vs. 3.55%, p = 0.96; Pulmonary embolism: 0.45% vs. 0.89%, p = 0.10 | The incidence of pneumonia and pulmonary embolism was similar between the two groups. |
Heidari et al. 2011 [33] | Randomised controlled study | GA vs. NA (EA/SA) | n = 270 GA = 197 NA = 190 | Pneumonia | NA vs. GA: 1 (0.6%) vs. 0 | The incidence of pneumonia was similar between the two groups. |
Neuman et al. 2012 [27] | Retrospective observational study | GA vs. NA | n = 18.158 GA = 12.904 NA = 5.254 | Pneumonia, Respiratory failure | Pneumonia: NA vs. GA: 153 (2.9%) vs. 359 (2.8%), p = 0.631;Respiratory failure: 180 (3.4%) vs. 641 (5.0%), p < 0.0001 | The incidence of pneumonia was similar in both groups. The incidence of respiratory failure was significant lower in neuraxial anaesthesia group. |
Parker et al. 2015 [31] | Randomised controlled study | GA vs. SA | n = 322 GA = 164 (50.93%) SA = 158 (49.07%) | Pneumonia Pulmonary embolism | Pneumonia: SA vs. GA: 2 (1.3%) vs. 3 (1.8%), p = 1.0; Pulmonary embolism: 0 vs. 2 (1.2%), p = 0.50 | The incidence of pneumonia and pulmonary embolism was similar in both groups. |
Seitz et al. 2014 [19] | Retrospective observational study | GA (inhalational, intravenous, GA combined with epidural or local anaesthesia) vs. SA | n = 20.973 GA = 8.818 (42.1%) SA = 12.155 (57.9%) | Pneumonia Pulmonary embolism | Pneumonia: SA vs. GA: 413 (6.7%) vs. 399 (6.5%), p = 0.61; Pulmonary embolism: 49 (0.9%) vs. 67 (1.1%) p = 0.09 | The incidence of pneumonia and pulmonary embolism was similar in both groups. |
Shih et al. 2010 [18] | Retrospective observational study | GA vs. SA | n = 335 GA = 167 (49.85%) SA = 168 (50.15%) | Pneumonia, Respiratory failure | Pneumonia: SA vs. GA: 3 vs. 9; Respiratory failure: 0 vs. 1 | The incidence of pneumonia was significantly higher in the general anaesthesia group. The incidence of respiratory failure was similar between the two groups. |
Tung et al. 2016 [24] | Retrospective observational study | GA vs. RA (epidural/spinal) | n = 17.189 GA = 6.063 (35.1%) NA = 11.153 (64.9%) | Pneumonia | NA vs. GA: 59 (1.0%) vs. 159 (1.4%), p = 0.012 | The incidence of pneumonia was significantly higher in the general anaesthesia group. |
Whiting et al. 2015 [22] | Retrospective observational study | GA vs. SA | n = 7.764 GA = 5.840 SA = 1.813 | Pneumonia Pulmonary embolism | Pneumonia: SA vs. GA: Odds ratio 1.19, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.71, p = 0.337; Pulmonary embolism: OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.23, p = 0.129 | The incidence of pneumonia and pulmonary embolism was similar between the two groups. |