Figure 6From: Epinephrine reversed high-concentration bupivacaine- induced inhibition of calcium channels and transient outward potassium current channels, but not on sodium channel in ventricular myocytes of ratsThe Ito current-voltage relationship in the absence of bupivacaine, with 100 μmol/L bupivacaine alone, and 100 μmol/L bupivacaine in combination with epinephrine 0.15 μg/ml. Bupivacaine 100 μmol/L without epinephrine decreased Ito. On the other hand, Ito increased in response to the bupivacaine 100 μmol/L in combination with epinephrine 0.15 μg/ml.Back to article page