Table 5 Early signs of infection according to the skin preparation procedure used and the known risk factors. Number of patients (%)

PVCs

81

72

26

20

2

2

Men

51 (63)

46 (64)

17 (65)

11 (55)

2 (100)

2 (100)

Age > 69 years

28 (34)

28 (39)

8 (31)

8 (40)

1 (50)

1 (50)

Immunosuppression

20 (25)

20 (28)

5 (19)

5 (25)

-

-

Insertion site

   Back of the hand

14 (17)

9 (12)

3 (11)

1 (5)

-

-

   Elbow

5 (6)

5 (7)

1 (4)

2 (10)

-

-

   Forearm

62 (76)

55 (76)

20 (77)

17 (85)

2 (100)

2 (100)

Nature of PVC

   Polyurethane

52 (64)

44 (61)

11 (42)

12 (60)

2 (100)

1 (50)

   Polyvinyl chloride

13 (16)

8 (11)

9 (35)

4 (20)

-

1 (50)

   Teflon

18 (22)

20 (28)

4 (15)

4 (20)

-

-

Solutes perfused

   Antibiotics

31 (38)

26 (36)

9 (35)

7 (35)

-

2 (100)

   Anticancer drugs

20 (25)

18 (25)

4 (15)

4 (20)

-

-

   Lipids

2 (2)

-

-

2 (10)

-

-

   Blood products

3 (4)

-

1 (4)

1 (5)

-

-

72 hours after insertion

A

B

A

B

A

B

PVCs

44

41

15

14

4

1

Men

30 (68)

28 (68)

8 (53)

8 (57)

3 (75)

1 (100)

Age > 69 years

17 (39)

15 (37)

7 (47)

4 (29)

1 (25)

-

Immunosuppression

12 (27)

12 (29)

5 (33)

6 (43)

-

12 (27)

Insertion site

   Back of the hand

6 (14)

4 (10)

4 (27)

-

1 (25)

-

   Elbow

3 (7)

3 (7)

1 (7)

1 (7)

-

-

   Forearm

34 (77)

32 (78)

9 (60)

13 (93)

3 (75)

1 (100)

Nature of PVC

   Polyurethane

26 (59)

23 (56)

5 (33)

5 (36)

1 (25)

1 (100)

   Polyvinyl chloride

8 (18)

5 (12)

4 (27)

3 (21)

3 (75)

-

   Teflon

11 (25)

13 (32)

5 (33)

6 (43)

-

-

Solutes perfused

   Antibiotics

20 (45)

13 (32)

5 (33)

3 (21)

3 (75)

-

   Anticancer drugs

12 (27)

12 (29)

5 (33)

5 (36)

-

-

   Lipids

-

-

1 (7)

1 (7)

-

-

   Blood products

-

-

2 (13)

-

-

-