Reference | Oxford-scale (R/B/D) | type of surgery/patients | entry criteria | recurrent PONV after ... hours | n/N | recurrent vomiting after ... hours | n/N | recurrent PONV after ... hours | n/N | recurrent vomiting after ... hours | n/N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alon, 1998 [28] | 2/2/1 | various | patients, experiencing nausea lasting > 10 min and/or emesis within 2 h after recovery from general anaesthesia | 4 | 37/77 | 4 | 37/77 | 24 | 51/77 | 24 | 55/77 |
Anderson, 2004 [29] | 1/1/0 | various, outpatients | patients, spontaneously reporting nausea in the PACU | 2 | 6/12 | ||||||
Barton, 1975 [30] | 2/1/0 | various | patients, developing nausea/vomiting in the recovery period | 1 | 15/25 | 1 | 12/26 | 3* | 24/30 | 3* | 21/30 |
Bodner, 1991 [31] | 1/1/0 | laparoscopy, female outpatients | patients, complaining of persisting nausea (lasting >10 min) and/or experienced at least 2 episodes of emesis/retching | 2 | 33/36 | ||||||
Boghaert, 1980 [32] | 1/1/1 | various | vomiting postoperatively | 1 | 33/44 | 6 | 37/44 | ||||
Bonica, 1958 [33] | 1/1/1 | various | 0.5 | 186/272 | |||||||
Borgeat, 1992 [34] | 1/1/0 | various | patients, exhibiting major or severe nausea with vomiting | 0.02 | 17/26 | 0,5 | 19/26 | ||||
Diemunsch, 1997 [35] | 1/1/0 | various, primary gynaecological surgery | reporting nausea lasting 10 min or one emetic episode within 2 h in PACU | 8 | 63/71 | 24 | 63/71 | ||||
Diemunsch, 1999 [36] | 1/1/0 | abdominal or vaginal oophrectomy | experience of nausea and/or vomiting within 6 h of surgical recovery | 6 | 16/18 | 6 | 14/18 | 24 | 18/18 | 24 | 17/18 |
Du Pen, 1992 [37] | 1/1/1 | primary gynaecological, outpatients | experience of nausea and/or vomiting within 2 h in the PACU | 2 | 90/129 | 24 | 110/129 | ||||
Fragen, 1978 [38] | 2/0/1 | gynaecologic surgical procedures | retching or vomiting in the immediate postoperative period | 2 | 26/30 | 2 | 18/30 | 4 | 29/30 | 4 | 29/30 |
Fujii, 2004 [26] | 2/2/1 | laparoscopic cholecystectomy | experience of nausea lasting more than 10 min or retching or vomiting within 3 h after recovery | 24 | 10/20 | 24 | 4/20 | ||||
Gan, 1999 [39] | ambulatory surgery | significant nausea or vomiting within 1 h of arrival in the recovery room | 2 | 18/23 | 2 | 13/23 | |||||
Harper, 1998 [40] | 2/2/1 | laparoscopic gynaecological surgery | complaining of nausea and/or vomiting and requesting antiemetic treatment in the recovery room | 1,5 | 2/12 | 3 | 9/12 | 3 | 6/12 | ||
Kauste, 1986 [41] | 1/1/0 | elective orthopaedic surgery | complains of nausea or retched or vomiting of any severity | 6 | 22/36 | 24 | 30/36 | 24 | 24/36 | ||
Khalil, 1996 [42] | 2/2/1 | paediatric surgery, outpatients | experience of 2 emetic episodes within 2 h of discontinuation of nitrous oxygen | 2 | 120/183 | 24 | 149/179 | ||||
Korttila, 1979 [43] | 1/1/0 | orthopaedic surgery | complains of nausea or retched or vomitinf of any severity | 24 | 18/40 | ||||||
Kovac, 1997 [44] | 2/1/0 | various, outpatients | postoperative nausea or vomiting within 2 h of arrival in the PACU | 2 | 88/121 | 24 | 115/121 | 24 | 108/121 | ||
Kovac, 1999 [45] | 2/1/1 | various, outpatients | experience of PONV or requesting antiemetic therapy within 2 h of the end of anaesthesia | 2 | 122/214 | 24 | 145/214 | ||||
Larijani, 1991 [46] | 2/1/0 | orthopaedic/gynaecologic surgery | complaining of nausea or having a vomiting episode within 2 h of arrival in the recovery room | 4 | 13/18 | 4 | 13/18 | ||||
Lobera, 1981 [47] | 1/1/0 | breast surgery | presenting nausea and/or vomiting | 0.33 | 38/60 | ||||||
Loeser, 1979 [48] | 1/1/0 | n/a | one or more episodes of vomiting in the recovery room | 2 | 11/16 | ||||||
Polati, 1997 [49] | 2/2/1 | gynaecologic surgery | experience of persistent nausea with at least one emetic episode within 4 h of recovery | 1 | 39/60 | 48 | 53/60 | ||||
Rung, 1997 [50] | 2/2/1 | orthopaedic/gynaecologic surgery | experience of nausea and/or emesis and request of an antiemetic at any time after the start of opioid administration | 6 | 27/32 | 24 | 27/32 | ||||
Scuderi, 1993 [51] | 2/1/0 | outpatients | if symptomatic treatment for persistent nausea or vomiting was necessary | 2* | 26/55 | ||||||
Stockman, 1978 [52] | 1/1/0 | various | patients, who had a sufficient degree of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting to warrant antiemetic therapy | 1 | 12/21 | ||||||
Taylor, 1997 [53] | 2/1/0 | gynaecological surgery | patients, who developed PONV within 4 hours of the end of surgery | 6 | 111/133 | 6 | 98/133 | 24 | 116/133 | 24 | 107/133 |
van Leeuwen, 1980 [54] | 1/1/0 | general surgery, urology, plastic & vascular | vomiting postoperatively | 6 | 30/48 | ||||||
Zegveld, 1978 [55] | 1/1/1 | abdominal and others | after vomiting had occurred | 6 | 34/58 | ||||||
Eberhart, unpublished data [5,16] | n/a | various | Any nausea, retching or vomiting for at least 5 minutes | 2,2 | 128/204 | 22,5 | 175/204 |