Figure 5

Changes in insulin and blood glucose. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Changes from the baseline (ANES start) values were different (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01) between the groups using unpaired t-test. Mean value was different (^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01) than at baseline within the same group using dunnett test. ANES start: Just before drug consumption for induction of anesthesia. TA: Tourniquet application. Standard value: insulin (2.2-12.4 pg/mL), blood glucose (70–109 mg/dL).