Figure 3

Changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Changes from the baseline (ANES start) values were different (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01) between the groups using unpaired t-test. Mean value was different (^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01) than at baseline within the same group using dunnett test. ANES start: Just before drug consumption for induction of anesthesia. TA: Tourniquet application. Standard value: ACTH (7.2-63.3 pg/mL), cortisol (4.5-21.1 pg/mL), ADH (0.3-3.5 pg/mL).