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  1. Opioids are currently prescribed for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP), and some patients use opioids continuously for long-term treatment. Stakeholders’ awareness about long-term opioid therapy is essential for ...

    Authors: Rattaphol Seangrung, Thongchai Tempeetikul, Supasit Pannarunothai and Supalak Sakdanuwatwong
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:275
  2. Sleep deprivation (SD) often leads to complex detrimental consequences, though the mechanisms underlying these dysfunctional effects remain largely unknown. We investigated whether the right stellate ganglion ...

    Authors: Dongsheng Dai, Biqiong Zheng, Zenggui Yu, Shizhu Lin, Yijie Tang, Mengnan Chen, Peng Ke, Chengjie Zheng, Yanqing Chen and Xiaodan Wu
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:272
  3. An airway-associated fire in an operating room can have devastating consequences for patients. Breathing circuit warmers (BCWs) are widely used to provide heated and humidified anesthetic gases and eventually ...

    Authors: Wangseok Do, Dahyun Kang, Purna Hong, Hyae-Jin Kim, Jiseok Baik and Dowon Lee
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:271
  4. Pain detection and treatment is a major challenge in the care of critically ill patients, rendered more complex by the need to take into consideration the risk of insufficient or excessive analgesia. The nocic...

    Authors: Benedikt Schick, Benjamin Mayer, Steffen Walter, Sascha Gruss, Ronald Stitz, Pauline Stitz and Eberhard Barth
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:270
  5. Early and timely fluid treatment or resuscitation are the basic measures for the active treatment of sepsis. Our aim is to further explore the relationship between fluid balance and prognosis in patients with ...

    Authors: Luming Zhang, Fengshuo Xu, Shaojin Li, Xiaoyu Zheng, Shuai Zheng, Hui Liu, Jun Lyu and Haiyan Yin
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:269
  6. The anatomical dimensions of the lumbar dural sac determine the sensory block level of spinal anesthesia; however, whether they show the same predictive value during continuous epidural anesthesia (CEA) remain...

    Authors: Chen-yang Xu, Can Liu, Xiao-ju Jin, Fan Yang, Fang Xu, Wan-Di Qian and Wen-jun Guo
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:268
  7. Opioids have been identified by the World Health Organization to be ‘indispensable for the relief of pain and suffering’. Side-effects, such as nausea, vomiting, postoperative delirium, and effects on breathin...

    Authors: Dongdong Yuan, Zhaowei Zou, Xianlong Li, Nan Cheng, Na Guo, Guoliang Sun and Dezhao Liu
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:267
  8. The scientific working group for “Anaesthesia in thoracic surgery” of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) has performed an online survey to assess the current standards of ...

    Authors: Jerome Defosse, Mark Schieren, Torsten Loop, Vera von Dossow, Frank Wappler, Marcelo Gama de Abreu and Mark Ulrich Gerbershagen
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:266
  9. Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are strong stimuli that cause a reflex increase in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and serum catecholamine level. These can lead to myocardial infarction or cerebrova...

    Authors: Rattaphol Seangrung, Koravee Pasutharnchat, Subundit Injampa, Sirima Kumdang and Rojnarin Komonhirun
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:265
  10. During orthotopic liver transplantation, venous air embolism may occur due to iatrogenic injury of the inferior vena cava. However, venous air embolism followed by coagulopathy is a rare event. In this case re...

    Authors: Karolina Arstikyte, Gintare Vitkute, Vilma Traskaite-Juskeviciene and Andrius Macas
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:264
  11. The 82.1% treatment failure of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), associated with gunshot wounds, is related to high incidence of chronic pain syndrome as well as resistance to the PTSD treatment. Defining...

    Authors: Iurii Leonidovych Kuchyn and Vasyl’ Romanovych Horoshko
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:263
  12. Shivering is known to be a frequent complication in patients undergoing surgery under neuraxial anesthesia with incidence of 40–70%. Although many pharmacological agents have been used to treat or prevent post...

    Authors: Ibrahim M. Esmat, Marwa M. Mohamed, Wail A. Abdelaal, Hazem M. El-Hariri and Tarek M. Ashoor
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:262
  13. Intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) is regarded as an alternative to allogeneic blood transfusion excluding the risks associated with allogeneic blood. Currently, IBS is generally avoided in tumor surgeries due...

    Authors: Andreas Winter, Kai Zacharowski, Patrick Meybohm, Andreas Schnitzbauer, Peter Ruf, Claudia Kellermann and Horst Lindhofer
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:261
  14. Measures of the sonorheometry based Quantra® viscoelastic hemostatic analyzer (HemoSonics, LCC, Charlottesville, VA, USA) were compared with corresponding results of the ROTEM® sigma device (Instrumentation La...

    Authors: Werner Baulig, Samira Akbas, Philipp K. Schütt, Wolfgang Keul, Marija Jovic, Pascal Berdat, Stefanie von Felten, Klaus Steigmiller, Michael Thomas Ganter and Oliver M. Theusinger
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:260
  15. The aim of this randomized, double-blind trial was to evaluate the safety and tolerability profile, including cardiac safety, of sugammadex-mediated recovery from neuromuscular block in participants undergoing...

    Authors: W. Joseph Herring, Yuki Mukai, Aobo Wang, Jeannine Lutkiewicz, John F. Lombard, Li Lin, Molly Watkins, David M. Broussard and Manfred Blobner
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:259
  16. The World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension in 2018, updated the definition of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as mean pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) > 20 mmHg. Pulmonary venous hypertension secondary to left-...

    Authors: Jose R. Navas-Blanco, Justin Miranda, Victor Gonzalez, Asif Mohammed and Oscar D. Aljure
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:258
  17. Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessel from pre-existing ones, plays an important role in many pathophysiological diseases, such as cancer. Opioids are often used in clinic for the management of chronic p...

    Authors: Tao Feng, Si Zeng, Jie Ding, Gong Chen, Bin Wang, Daguo Wang, Xueli Li and Kunfeng Wang
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:257
  18. Pulmonary aspiration is one of the most important complications of obstetric anesthesia. Prevention of pulmonary aspiration is commonly performed by the application of different anesthetic maneuvers and admini...

    Authors: Metages Hunie, Efrem Fenta, Simegnew Kibret and Diriba Teshome
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:256
  19. Both wound infiltration (WI) with local anaesthetic and Erector Spinae Plane block (ESPB) have been described for post-operative analgesia after abdominal surgery. This study compared the efficacy of WI versus...

    Authors: V. Rao Kadam, G. Ludbrook, R. M. van Wijk, P. Hewett, V. Thiruvenkatarajan, S. Edwards, P. Williams and S. Adhikary
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:255
  20. Despite well-defined recommendations, prolonged fasting times for clear fluids and solids are still common before elective surgery in adults. Extended fasting times may lead to discomfort, thirst, hunger and p...

    Authors: Lars Witt, Barbara Lehmann, Robert Sümpelmann, Nils Dennhardt and Christiane E. Beck
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:254
  21. Acute respiratory failure in septic patients contributes to higher in-hospital mortality. Intubation may improve outcome but there are no specific criteria for intubation. Intubation of septic patients with re...

    Authors: Ting Yang, Yongchun Shen, John G. Park, Phillip J. Schulte, Andrew C. Hanson, Vitaly Herasevich, Yue Dong and Philippe R. Bauer
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:253
  22. Proximal femur fractures are most common fractures in the elderly and associated with significant mortality and morbidity, with high economic and social impact. Perioperative pain management influence outcomes...

    Authors: Kateryna Bielka, Iurii Kuchyn, Igor Tokar, Valerii Artemenko and Uliana Kashchii
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:252
  23. The high risk of cross-infection during tracheal intubation has caused excessive occupational anxiety for anaesthesiologists amid the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, there is no ...

    Authors: Chaojin Chen, Ning Shen, Liubing Chen, Tongsen Luo, Tianyou Lu, Dezhao Liu, Qi Zhang and Ziqing Hei
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:251
  24. The main mechanism of body temperature decrease during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia is core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat, attributable to vasodilation. Perfusion index (PI) obtained w...

    Authors: Shohei Kaneko, Kentaro Hara, Shuntaro Sato, Takaya Nakashima, Yurika Kawazoe, Miyako Taguchi, Shigehiko Urabe, Akiha Nakao, Kozue Hamada, Michiko Yamaguchi and Tetsuya Hara
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:250
  25. Selective outcome reporting in clinical trials introduces bias in the body of evidence distorting clinical decision making. Trial registration aims to prevent this bias and is suggested by the International Co...

    Authors: Manuel Riemer, Peter Kranke, Antonia Helf, Debora Mayer, Maria Popp, Tobias Schlesinger, Patrick Meybohm and Stephanie Weibel
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:249
  26. Sugammadex reverses neuromuscular blockade induced by steroidal relaxants. We compared the recovery for neuromuscular blockade reversal with sugammadex in children aged 1–12 years.

    Authors: Ruidong Zhang, Jie Hu, Shengde Li, Bin Xue, Lu Wang, Jie Bai and Jijian Zheng
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:248
  27. The incidence of placenta preiva is rising. Cesarean delivery is identified as the only safe and appropriate mode of delivery for pregnancies with placenta previa. Anesthesia is important during the cesarean d...

    Authors: Dazhi Fan, Jiaming Rao, Dongxin Lin, Huishan Zhang, Zixing Zhou, Gengdong Chen, Pengsheng Li, Wen Wang, Ting Chen, Fengying Chen, Yuping Ye, Xiaoling Guo and Zhengping Liu
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:247
  28. Ultrasonography for neuraxial anesthesia is increasingly being used to identify spinal structures and the identification of correct point of needle insertion to improve procedural success, in particular in obe...

    Authors: Jason Ju In Chan, Jun Ma, Yusong Leng, Kok Kiong Tan, Chin Wen Tan, Rehena Sultana, Alex Tiong Heng Sia and Ban Leong Sng
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:246
  29. Postoperative complications occur frequently, despite progress in anesthetic pharmacology and surgical techniques. Although habits, such as alcohol and tobacco use, and mental health have been studied individu...

    Authors: Yoshinori Myoga, Haruhiko Manabe and Yoneatsu Osaki
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:245
  30. For the detection of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI), the performance of urine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (TIMP2 IGFBP7) has ne...

    Authors: Karim Lakhal, Edith Bigot-Corbel, Emilie Sacchetto, Floris Chabrun, Thomas Senage, Lucile Figueres, Maxime Leroy, Arnaud Legrand and Bertrand Rozec
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:244
  31. Radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy is the mainstay treatment for patients with renal cell carcinoma with vena cava thrombus. But the procedure is full of challenge, with high incidence of major complication...

    Authors: Yi-Bin Hua, Xue Li and Dong-Xin Wang
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:243
  32. Evidence regarding the relationship between the type of anaesthesia and length of hospital stay is controversial. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate whether the type of anaesthesia wa...

    Authors: Xuan JI and Weiqi KE
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:242
  33. Central venous catheter (CVC) placement is a routine procedure but is potentially associated with severe complications. Relatively small studies investigated if the use of ultrasound is effective in bridging t...

    Authors: Alessandro De Cassai, Federico Geraldini, Laura Pasin, Annalisa Boscolo, Francesco Zarantonello, Martina Tocco, Chiara Pretto, Matteo Perona, Michele Carron and Paolo Navalesi
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:241
  34. Better protection can be provided during neurosurgery due to the establishment of somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP) and motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring technologies. However, some studies have showe...

    Authors: Bingbing Xiang, Shulan Jiao, Yulong Zhang, Lu Wang, Yuting Yao, Feng Yuan, Rui Chen and Qijun Zhou
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:240
  35. Preoxygenation and application of apneic oxygenation are standard to prevent patients from desaturation e.g. during emergency intubation. The time before desaturation occurs can be prolonged by applying high f...

    Authors: W. A. Wetsch, H. Herff, D. C. Schroeder, D. Sander, B. W. Böttiger and S. R. Finke
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:239
  36. Although general anesthetics depress spontaneous respiration, the comprehensive effect of general anesthetics on respiratory function remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of general anesthetics...

    Authors: Xuechao Hao, Mengchan Ou, Yu Li and Cheng Zhou
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:238
  37. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP) is the most prevalent surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, but postoperative pharyngeal pain may affect patient comfort. The enhanced recovery after surgery pathway ha...

    Authors: Fei Huang, Minxue Wang, Huixin Chen, Nan Cheng, Yanling Wang, Di Wu and Shaoli Zhou
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:237
  38. Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the main cause of death in the first 30 days after heart transplantation (HTX), accounting for approximately 40% of mortality. The study’s primary aim was to assess the incid...

    Authors: Anna Kędziora, Jacek Piątek, Hubert Hymczak, Grzegorz Wasilewski, Bartłomiej Guzik, Rafał Drwiła, Bogusław Kapelak, Dorota Sobczyk, Janusz Konstanty-Kalandyk and Karol Wierzbicki
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:236
  39. Nasal bleeding is the most common complication during nasotracheal intubation (NTI). To reduce nasal bleeding, the nasal mucosa is treated with vasoconstrictors (epinephrine [E] or tramazoline [T]) prior to NT...

    Authors: Aiji Sato-Boku, Yoshiki Sento, Yuji Kamimura, Eisuke Kako, Masahiro Okuda, Naoko Tachi, Yoko Okumura, Mayumi Hashimoto, Hiroshi Hoshijima, Fumihito Suzuki and Kazuya Sobue
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:235
  40. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) as a clinically most common postoperative complication requires multimodal antiemetic medications targeting at a wide range of neurotransmitter pathways. Lacking of neu...

    Authors: Nana Li, Lu Liu, Menghan Sun, Ruiliang Wang, Wenjie Jin, Cunming Liu and Youli Hu
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:234
  41. Peripheral injection of dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been widely used in regional anesthesia to prolong the duration of analgesia. However, the optimal perineural dose of DEX is still uncertain. It is important t...

    Authors: Hai Cai, Xing Fan, Pengjiu Feng, Xiaogang Wang and Yubo Xie
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:233
  42. Midazolam is frequently used for sedation during spinal anesthesia. However, external environmental factors, such as bright surgical lights, may hamper patient relaxation, which may lead to an increase in the ...

    Authors: Seon Woo Yoo, Min-Jong Ki, Dal Kim, Yu Jin Oh and Jeongwoo Lee
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:232
  43. To investigate the effects of different plasma target concentrations of remifentanil on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for blocking adrenergic response (BAR) of sevoflurane in children with laparosco...

    Authors: Dan Wang, Juan Xu, Xiao-Lin Yang, Yan-Xia Guo, Ping-Ping Jiang and Guo-Yuan Zhang
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:231
  44. This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12871-021-01437-z

    Authors: Feng Jin, Zhe Li, Wen-fei Tan, Hong Ma, Xiao-qian Li and Huang-wei Lu
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:230
  45. Whether epidural administered sufentanil combined with low-concentration ropivacaine affected labor progress as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes still remained unknown. The aim of this study was to asses...

    Authors: Le Zhang, Chengjie Xu and Yue Li
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:229
  46. Parathyroidectomy has been proposed as a method for reducing parathyroid hormone levels. We evaluated the effects of ultrasound-guided bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) on the quality of reco...

    Authors: Shenghong Hu, Teng Shu, Siqi Xu, Xia Ju, Shengbin Wang and Li Ma
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:228
  47. Down syndrome (DS) is associated with intellectual disability. DS patients may be unable to cooperate and often require general anesthesia even for minor surgeries. Rapid recovery significantly contributes to ...

    Authors: Emmanouil Gkliatis, Alexandros Makris and Chryssoula Staikou
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:227
  48. Hemodynamic instability is a frequent adverse effect following administration of dexmedetomidine (DMED). In this study, we evaluated the incidence of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability and its predictive fac...

    Authors: A Ram Doo, Hyungseok Lee, Seon Ju Baek and Jeongwoo Lee
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:207
  49. A comparison of different anesthetic techniques to evaluate short term outcomes has yet to be performed for patients undergoing outpatient knee replacements. The aim of this investigation was to compare short ...

    Authors: Mark C. Kendall, Alexander D. Cohen, Stephanie Principe-Marrero, Peter Sidhom, Patricia Apruzzese and Gildasio De Oliveira
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:226
  50. An increasing number of patients older than 80 years are undergoing anesthesia, but little information is available regarding pharmacodynamic effects of myorelaxants in this population. This study aims to comp...

    Authors: Denis Schmartz, Raouf Sghaier, Paul Bernard, Jean François Fils and Thomas Fuchs-Buder
    Citation: BMC Anesthesiology 2021 21:225

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