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Table 1 Effect of KEMCT treatment on isoflurane anesthesia-evoked changes in blood R-βHB and glucose levels

From: Ketone supplementation abolished isoflurane anesthesia-induced elevation in blood glucose level and increased recovery time from anesthesia in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk rats

Treatments

Glucose (mg/dl)

R-βHB (mmol/l)

Water gavage (3 g/kg) (Group 1; Fig. 1A and B)

 Control (measured on the last day of the adaptation period)

83.33 ± 2.867

0.79 ± 0.034

 After 7th gavage and isoflurane anesthesia (7thW and Isoflu)

143.58 ± 4.177

1.08 ± 0.048

  Compared to Control (significance level/p value)

****/ < 0.0001

***/0.0005

KEMCT gavage (3 g/kg) (Group 2; Fig. 1C and D)

 Control (measured on the last day of the adaptation period)

85.58 ± 1.786

0.81 ± 0.023

 After 1st gavage

62.83 ± 2.306

1.93 ± 0.182

  Compared to Control (significance level/p value)

****/ < 0.0001

**/ < 0.0033

 After 7th gavage and isoflurane anesthesia (7thK and Isolfu)

90.75 ± 2.850

3.56 ± 0.339

  Compared to Control (significance level/p value)

ns/0.2805

****/ < 0.0001

  1. Abbreviations: 7thK and Isolfu, 7th KEMCT gavage and isoflurane anesthesia; 7thW and Isoflu, 7th water gavage and isoflurane anesthesia; KEMCT (mix of ketone ester/KE and medium chain triglyceride/MCT oil in a 1:1 ratio); ns, non-significant
  2. **p < 0.01
  3. ***p < 0.001
  4. ****p < 0.0001