Group ESP (n = 24) | Group ESP + S-PIP (n = 23) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Pain intensity | |||
Least pain | 1 (0—2) | 0 (0—1) | 0.003 |
Worst pain | 6 (5—7) | 5 (4—6) | < 0.001 |
% of time in severe pain in the first 24 h | 60 (50—65) | 50 (40—60) | < 0.001 |
% of pain relief in the first 24 h | 70 (50—80) | 100 (70—100) | < 0.001 |
Pain interfered or prevented activites | |||
In the bed | 4.5 (2.5—7) | 2 (0—5) | 0.004 |
Out of bed | 5 (3.5—7.5) | 2 (0—5) | 0.003 |
Pain interfered or prevented sleep | |||
Falling asleep | 3 (0.5—5.5) | 0 (0—1) | 0.001 |
Staying asleep | 2 (0—5) | 0 (0—1) | 0.005 |
Pain caused you to feel | |||
Anxious | 0.5 (0—3) | 0 (0—0) | 0.012 |
Depressed | 0 (0 – 2) | 0 (0 – 0) | 0.009 |
Frightened | 0 (0 – 0) | 0 (0 – 0) | 0.084 |
Helplessness | 0 (0 – 0) | 0 (0 – 0) | 0.084 |
Side effect | |||
Nause | 0 (0—2) | 0 (0—3) | 0.963 |
Drowsiness | 0 (0—0) | 0 (0—0) | 0.328 |
Itching | 0 (0—0) | 0 (0—0) | 0.328 |
Dizziness | 0 (0—0) | 0 (0 – 0) | 0.388 |
Patient perception of their pain management | |||
Participation in pain management | 10 (10—10) | 10 (10—10) | 0.114 |
Satisfaction with pain management | 9.5 (9—10) | 10 (10—10) | 0.001 |
Use of nonpharmacological interventions, n (%) | |||
0 | 23 (95.8) | 16 (69.6) | ––– |
1 | 1 (4.2) | 6 (26.1) | |
2 | 0 (0) | 1(4.3) | |
Encourage you to use, n (%) | |||
Never | 2 (8.3) | 1 ( 4.3) | 0.709 |
Sometimes | 10 (41.7) | 8 (34.8) | |
Often | 12 ( 50) | 14 (60.9) | |
Information of patients’ pain treatment option, n (%) | |||
Yes/no | 24 (100) / 0 (0) | 22 (95.7) / 1 (4.3) | 0.302 |
How helpful | 10 (9—10) | 10 (10–10) | 0.001 |
Received help in completing the questionnaire, n (%) | |||
Yes / No | 24 (100) / 0 (0) | 23 (100) / 0 (0) | ––– |