Fig. 1

Fentanyl stimulates ovarian cancer biological activities. Fentanyl (A) Representative images of Chamber Boyden migration using three different ovarian cancer cell lines in the absence or presence of fentanyl (400 nM). Photos of the migrated cells on the center of field were taken under light microscope. Scale bar is 20 µm. Fentanyl at 100, 200, and 400 nM significantly increases ovarian cancer cell migration (B) and proliferation (C) in a dose-dependent manner. D Fentanyl up to 400 nM does not affect ovarian cancer apoptosis. E Fentanyl at 400 nM but not 100 or 200 nM significantly increases BJ-5ta and normal ovarian cell proliferation. Two types of normal cell lines were used. One is BJ-5ta which is a human fibroblast cell line. Another is Immortalized Human Ovarian Epithelial Cells—SV40. *, P < 0.01; **, P < 0.001, compared to control