Skip to main content
Fig. 2 | BMC Anesthesiology

Fig. 2

From: Efficacy of modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach in open gynecological surgery: a prospective observational pilot study and a cadaveric evaluation

Fig. 2

A Photograph showing the cadaver, ultrasound transducer, and the needle position for a left-side M-TAPA. B Ultrasound image before M-TAPA. C Image of successful local anesthetic spread in M-TAPA. We hypothesized that the tunnel structure created by hydrodissection between the costal cartilage and the origin of transverse abdominis muscle and this ‘tunnel’ formed by the two structures leads to the spread of local anesthetic agent higher than Th8, unaffected by the linea semilunaris. D Ultrasound image after M-TAPA. CC: costal cartilage, EOM: external oblique muscle, IOM: internal oblique muscle, LA: local anesthetic, TAM: transverse abdominis muscle

Back to article page