Fig. 1

Anatomical view during Combination of Erector Spina Plane Block and Thoracic Paravertebral Block. A The view of the block needle in the paravertebral area before the block. B Ten ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and five ml of 2% lidocaine were administered and pleural depression was observed. C Hydrodissection with 2 ml of saline solution was performed into the interfascial plane above the transverse process and below the erector spinae muscle. D Ten ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and five ml of 2% lidocaine were administered beneath the erector spinae muscle. The local anesthetic spread caudally and cranially beneath the erector spinae muscle. (ESM: Erector spinae muscles; LA: local anesthetic; PV space: Paravertebral space; T: Thoracic; TP: Transverse process)