Effectiveness of the advisory display SmartPilot® view in the assessment of anesthetic depth in low risk gynecological surgery patients: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Primary and secondary outcome variables: comparison between test and control groups

Variable	Measure	Test group (n = 58)	Control group (n = 56)	Mean difference	CI		p	ES
Variable	Measure	Test group (n = 58)	Control group (n = 56)	Mean difference	Lower	Upper	p	ES
MAP (mmHg)	mean (SD)	75.64 (8.90)	74.83 (10.85)	−0.81	−4.49	2.87	0.97^a	0.01^b
MAP < 60 mmHg duration (min)	mean (SD)	5.22 (10.77)	4.45 (9.06)	−0.78	−4.48	2.91	0.68^a	0.08^b
BIS value	mean (SD)	47.52 (6.22)	45.95 (6.80)	−1.57	−3.99	0.85	0.39^a	0.16^b
BIS < 40 duration (min)	mean (SD)	12.81 (18.03)	14.89 (21.11)	2.08	−5.19	9.36	0.57^a	0.11^b
HR (beats/min)	mean (SD)	59.63 (7.50)	58.11 (8.51)	−1.52	−4.49	1.45	0.60^a	0.10^b
Extubation delay (min)	mean (SD)	5.69 (2.15)	5.96 (2.79)	0.28	−0.65	1,20	0.56^a	0.11^b
Time in PACU (min)	mean (SD)	140.22 (84.10)	137.45 (73.94)	−2.79	−32.21	26,65	0.86^a	0.04^b
Propofol (mg/kg/min)	mean (SD)	0.10 (0.02)	0.12 (0.11)	0.02	−0.01	0.05	0.17^a	0.25^b
Remifentanil (µg/kg/min)	mean (SD)	0.17 (0.05)	0.18 (0.06)	0.01	−0.01	0.03	0.28^a	0.21^b
Ephedrine (mg)	mean (SD)	2.28 (6.04)	2.68 (4.42)	0.39	−1.58	2.36	0.69^a	0.07^b
Atropine (mg)	mean (SD)	0.06 (0.23)	0.07 (0.22)	0.01	−0.73	0.10	0.80^a	0.05^b
Phenylephrine (µg)	mean (SD)	3.45 (26.26)	3.57 (26.73)	0.12	−9.71	9.96	0.90^a	0.00^b
Participants receiving ephedrine, atropine, or phenylephrine	n (% in group)	16 (27.6)	21 (37.5)				0.26^c	−0.11^d

Primary and secondary outcome variables and comparison of the outcomes between the test and control groups, including mean MAP, mean duration of MAP < 60 mmHg, mean BIS value, mean duration of BIS value < 40, mean HR, mean duration of extubation delay, mean duration of PACU stay, mean dosage of propofol, remifentanil, ephedrine, atropine, and phenylephrine. The last row shows the number of participants in each group that needed a bolus dose of ephedrine, atropine, or phenylephrine. Fewer participants in the test group received bolus doses compared to the control group (n = 16 and n = 21, respectively), but no significant differences were found between the groups in any of the outcome measures assessed
BIS bispectral index, CI confidence interval, ES effect size, HR heart rate, MAP mean arterial pressure, PACU post-anesthesia care unit
^a Independent sample t-test
^b Cohen’s d
^c Pearson’s chi-square test
^d Phi coefficient

ISSN: 1471-2253