Table 1 Patient demographics and baseline hemodynamic data
Patients (N = 20) | |
|---|---|
Age, years | 84 [79–86] |
Female sex | 12 (60%) |
Height, cm | 151 [143–154] |
Weight, kg | 49 [43–59] |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.5 [18.9–25.7] |
ASA-PS 4 | 20 (100%) |
Intervention (TAVR/SAVR) | 17 (85%) / 3 (15%) |
AS stage | |
C1, asymptomatic severe AS | 1 (5%) |
D1, symptomatic severe high-gradient AS | 14 (70%) |
D2, symptomatic severe low-flow/low-gradient AS with reduced LVEF | 1 (5%) |
D3, symptomatic severe low-gradient AS with normal LVEF or paradoxical low-flow severe AS | 4 (20%) |
Preoperative TTE findings | |
Max velocity of aortic valve, m/s | 4.3 [3.9–4.8] |
Mean pressure gradient of aortic valve, mmHg | 42.5 [36.7–51.2] |
Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.7 [0.58–0.83] |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 67 [60–71] |
Comorbidities | |
Atrial fibrillation | 2 (10%) |
Hypertension | 18 (90%) |
Dyslipidemia | 11 (55%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 4 (20%) |
Ischemic heart disease | 6 (30%) |
Chronic heart failure | 5 (25%) |
Cerebral infarction | 4 (20%) |
Asthma | 3 (15%) |
Current smoker | 3 (15%) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (15%) |
End-stage renal disease | 1 (5%) |
Preoperative medication | |
Beta-blockers | 8 (40%) |
Calcium channel blockers | 15 (75%) |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 0 (0%) |
Angiotensin receptor II blockers | 7 (35%) |
Statins | 7 (35%) |
Baseline mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 97 [93–101] |
Baseline heart rate, bpm | 66 [61–77] |