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Table 2 Optimal angle of needle trajectory at spondylolisthesis level and one upper level

From: Optimal angle of needle insertion for spinal anesthesia in patients with spondylolisthesis: an ultrasonographic study

 

Level

N

Normal

Spondylolisthesis

P value

Spondylolisthesis level

 Angle in transverse midline view (º)

Total

20

0.8 ± 2.5

-2.7 ± 3.4

\(<\) 0.001

L3/4

4

1.5 ± 1.0

-2.5 ± 3.7

 

L4/5

7

2.6 ± 1.3

-1.7 ± 3.4

 

L5/S1

9

-0.9 ± 2.7

-3.1 ± 3.5

 

 Angle in Parasagittal oblique view (º)

Total

20

1.0 ± 3.2

-2.7 ± 4.5

0.004

L3/4

4

2.0 ± 1.7

-1.0 ± 6.4

 

L4/5

7

2.7 ± 1.9

-1.7 ± 4.1

 

L5/S1

9

-0.8 ± 3.8

-4.4 ± 3.8

 

Upper level

 Angle in transverse midline view (º)

Total

20

1.8 ± 2.1

1.3 ± 2.6

0.49

L3/4

4

1.6 ± 2.0

1.9 ± 2.0

 

L4/5

7

2.6 ± 2.5

0.9 ± 2.8

 

L5/S1

9

1.3 ± 2.0

1.2 ± 3.0

 

 Angle in Parasagittal oblique view (º)

Total

20

1.9 ± 1.6

1.4 ± 3.9

0.62

L3/4

4

2.0 ± 1.4

4.3 ± 2.2

 

L4/5

7

2.6 ± 1.7

0.9 ± 3.9

 

L5/S1

9

1.4 ± 1.7

0.6 ± 4.3

 
  1. Data presented as mean ± SD
  2. P-values are the results of student-T test for continuous variables