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Table 4 Safety outcomes

From: Impact of dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia on delirium in patients recovering from orthopedic surgery: A randomized controlled trial

 

Placebo group (n = 354)

Dexmedetomidine group (n = 356)

P value

Bradycardia a

1 (0.3%)

1 (0.3%)

 > 0.999

 Bradycardia with intervention b

1 (0.3%)

1 (0.3%)

 > 0.999

Hypotension c

3 (0.8%)

2 (0.6%)

0.686

 Hypotension with intervention d

1 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0.499

Tachycardia e

0 (0.0%)

2 (0.6%)

0.499

 Tachycardia with intervention b

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.3%)

 > 0.999

Hypertension f

5 (1.4%)

3 (0.8%)

0.504

 Hypertension with intervention b

2 (0.6%)

1 (0.3%)

0.628

Hypoxemia g

1 (0.3%)

1 (0.3%)

 > 0.999

 Hypoxemia with intervention h

1 (0.3%)

1 (0.3%)

 > 0.999

PCA modified due to adverse events

  

0.896

 None

343 (96.9%)

347 (97.5%)

 

 Stopped temporarily i

5 (1.4%)

4 (1.1%)

 

 Stopped permanently i

6 (1.7%)

5 (1.4%)

 

Postoperative nausea and vomiting

101 (28.5%)

81 (22.8%)

0.078

  1. Data are number (%)
  2. PCA patient-controlled analgesia
  3. aHeart rate < 45 beats per minute
  4. bIncluded adjustment of study drug infusion rate and/or administration of medication
  5. cSystolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, or a decreased of more than 30% from baseline
  6. dIncluded adjustment of study drug infusion rate, intravenous fluid infusion, and/or administration of medication
  7. eHeart rate > 100 beats per minute
  8. fSystolic blood pressure > 180 mmHg, or an increase of more than 30% from baseline
  9. gPulse oxygen saturation < 90%
  10. hIncluded administration of oxygen (for patients without endotracheal intubation), adjustment of ventilator setting (for patients with endotracheal intubation), and/or physical therapy
  11. iDue to postoperative nausea and vomiting