Table 1 Circulatory states^a

Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

 ≥ 65

45–64

 < 45

Heart rate, beats per minute

51–100

 < 50, 101–130

 ≤ 40, > 130

Lactate, mmol/l

 < 2

2–4

 > 4

Fluid resuscitation, l/hours

 < 0.5

0.5–1.9

 ≥ 2

Norepinephrine, μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹

 < 0.1

0.1–0.29

 ≥ 0.3

Dobutamine, μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹

No

 < 10

 ≥ 10

Vasopressin

No

No

Yes

Epinephrine

No

No

Yes

Levosimedan

No

No

Yes

Aorta balloon pump

No

No

Yes