Effects of lidocaine, dexmedetomidine, and their combination infusion on postoperative nausea and vomiting following laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial

Table 5 Adverse events during the PACU period

Adverse events	Group C (n = 60)	Group L (n = 60)	Group D (n = 60)	Group LD (n = 60)	P-value
Mouth dry, n (%)	1 (1.7%)	2 (3.3%)	15 (25%)^*✩	17 (28.3%)^*✩	< 0.001
Bradycardia, n (%)	1 (1.7%)	3 (5.0%)	12 (20.0%)^*	18 (30.0%)^*✩	< 0.001
Ramsay sedation score (≥ 4), n (%)	2 (3.3%)	4 (6.7%)	11 (18.3%)^*	21 (35.0%)^*✩	< 0.001
Patients with agitation, n (%)	11 (18.3%)	9 (15.0%)	5 (8.3%)	4 (6.7%)	0.162
Patients with shivering, n (%)	14 (23.3%)	12 (20.0%)	9 (15.0%)	7 (11.7%)	0.341

Data are present as number (%)
Group C Control group, Group L Lidocaine group, Group D Dexmedetomidine group, Group LD Lidocaine combined with dexmedetomidine group, PACU Post-anesthesia care unit
^*P versus Group C, ^✩P versus Group L

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