Table 1 Clinical data and intraoperative variables of patients
|  | Group C (n = 60) | Group L (n = 60) | Group D (n = 60) | Group LD (n = 60) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 47.2 ± 5.1 | 45.4 ± 3.8 | 46.1 ± 4.3 | 46.6 ± 4.4 | 0.629 |
BMI | 23.0 ± 1.4 | 22.8 ± 1.4 | 22.7 ± 1.5 | 22.5 ± 1.3 | 0.747 |
Operation time (min) | 110.9 ± 9.0 | 113.4 ± 9.8 | 109.9 ± 11.1 | 114.3 ± 11.7 | 0.079 |
Anesthesia time (min) | 133.6 ± 11.5 | 134.2 ± 10.9 | 132.8 ± 11.1 | 135.4 ± 11.7 | 0.707 |
Blood loss (ml) | 74.4 ± 18.5 | 72.3 ± 16.9 | 73.4 ± 16.4 | 71.9 ± 14.3 | 0.187 |
Intraoperative fluids (ml) | 893.8 ± 155.0 | 855.4 ± 135.1 | 904.3 ± 155.9 | 900.0 ± 158.4 | 0.379 |
ASA I/II, n | 42/18 | 32/28 | 36/24 | 38/22 | 0.300 |
History of PONV, n (%) | 6 (10.0%) | 5 (8.3%) | 7 (11.7%) | 5 (8.3%) | 0.912 |
History of motion sickness, n (%) | 16 (26.7%) | 18 (30%) | 13 (21.7%) | 20 (33.3%) | 0.529 |
Smoking, n (%) | 4 (6.7%) | 3 (5.0%) | 2 (3.3%) | 3 (5.0%) | 0.873 |
Intraoperative awareness, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | Â |
Apfel score for PONV risk, n (%) | |||||
 1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |  |
 2 | 3 (5.0%) | 2 (3.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | 3 (5.0%) | 0.736 |
 3 | 36 (60.0%) | 39 (65.0%) | 34 (56.7%) | 41 (68.3%) | 0.560 |
 4 | 21 (35.0%) | 19 (31.7%) | 25 (41.7%) | 16 (26.7%) | 0.364 |
Use of propofol (mg·kg−1·h−1) | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 0.3*✩ | 4.4 ± 0.2*✩# |  < 0.001 |
Use of remifentanil (μg·kg−1·h−1) | 9.8 ± 0.6 | 9.4 ± 0.5* | 5.7 ± 0.8*✩ | 5.3 ± 0.6*✩# |  < 0.001 |