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Table 2 Respondents’ current practices on perioperative temperature management

From: Perioperative temperature management: a survey of 6 Asia–Pacific countries

Survey question

Number

Proportion

Preoperative phase

Measure temperature preoperatively in the majority of patients

531

46.0%

Perform prewarming in the majority of patients

279

24.2%

 Perform prewarming for patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia

203

17.6%

 Duration of prewarming (n = 330)

Less than 10 min

148

44.8%

10 to 20 min

125

37.9%

21 to 30 min

36

10.9%

More than 30 min

21

6.4%

Intraoperative phase

Measure temperature during general anesthesia (n = 1137)

Never 43

Very rarely 74

Rarely 253

370

32.5%

Often 363

Very often 215

Always 189

767

67.5%

 Measure temperature during neuraxial anesthesia (n = 1137)

Never 242

Very rarely 192

Rarely 412

846

74.4%

Often 183

Very often 60

Always 48

291

25.6%

 Frequency of intraoperative temperature measurement intraoperatively (n = 843)

Continuously

678

80.4%

Every < 5 min

23

2.7%

Every 5–10 min

20

2.4%

Every 10–30 min

50

5.9%

Every > 30 min

72

8.5%

Perform intraoperative active warming in the majority of patients

508

44.0%

 Preferred mode(s) of intraoperative cutaneous warming (select all that apply) (n = 1017)

Passive methods (e.g. Blankets)

654

56.7%

Convection methods (e.g. forced air warmer)

790

68.5%

Conduction methods (e.g. water mattress)

296

25.6%

Radiation methods (e.g. infra-red warming devices)

94

10.9%

 Average temperature in operating rooms for adult surgery

Less than 21.0 °C

425

36.8%

21.0—23.0 °C

488

42.3%

23.1 to 24.0 °C

143

12.4%

More than 24.0 °C

98

8.5%

Postoperative phase

Measure temperature postoperatively in the majority of patients

953

82.6%

 Frequency of intraoperative temperature measurement postoperatively (n = 443)

Continuously

83

18.7%

Every < 5 min

18

4.1%

Every 5–10 min

32

7.2%

Every 10–30 min

82

18.5%

Every > 30 min

228

51.5%

Perform postoperative active warming in the majority of patients

486

42.1%

  1. n = 1154 for all variables unless otherwise stated. Key perioperative temperature management principles are in bold