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Table 1 Reason for case conversion of monitored anesthesia care (MAC) to general anesthesia (GA)

From: Analysis of urgent/emergent conversions from monitored anesthesia care to general anesthesia with airway instrumentation

Sample size, n

1097

Patient-related

 Failed regional anesthesia

303 (27.6)

 Patient unable to tolerate MAC

283 (25.8)

 Hypoxia/obstruction

150 (13.7)

 Aspiration

63 (5.7)

 Unknown

54 (4.9)

 Hemodynamic instability

38 (3.5)

 Othera

24 (2.2)

Procedure-related

 Open or another unplanned procedure or surgical extension of area

92 (8.4)

 Surgical request

47 (4.3)

 Bleeding

22 (2.0)

 Extended surgical time

21 (1.9)

  1. aPatient coughing, altered mental status, hypercarbia, positioning, adverse event to anesthetic drugs, seizure/seizure-like activity, inadequate IV access