Table 1 Baseline characteristics by randomized group

Sex, n (%)

  Male

17 (68.0)

20 (71.4)

20 (76.9)

0.772

  Female

8 (32.0)

8 (28.6)

6 (23.1)

Age, years, median (IQR)

55.0 (45.0–60.0)

52.5 (45.3–56.0)

50.0 (43.5–56.0)

0.500

BMI, kg/m², mean ± SD

23.3 ± 2.1

22.9 ± 1.8

22.6 ± 1.8

0.469

ASA Class, n (%)

  III

9 (36.0)

7 (25.0)

7 (26.9)

0.649

  IV

16 (64.0)

21 (75.0)

19 (73.1)

Glasgow Coma Scale, n (%)^a

  13–15

1 (4.0)

3 (10.7)

3 (11.5)

0.911

  9–12

9 (36.0)

9 (32.1)

8 (30.8)

  ≤8

15 (60.0)

16 (57.1)

15 (57.7)

Preoperative hemoglobin, g/dL, median (IQR)

12.0 (10.0–13.0)

13.0 (11.3–13.8)

12.0 (11.0-13.3)

0.462

Intraoperative amount of bleeding, mL, median (IQR)

300.0 (200.0-400.0)

300.0 (200.0-437.5)

300.0 (200.0-500.0)

0.440

Intraoperative fluid infusion volume, mL, median (IQR)

2500.0

(1975.0-3175.0)

2500.0

(2000.0-3000.0)

2500.0

(2000.0-3000.0)

0.810

Operative time, min, median (IQR)

200.0 (150.0-237.5)

177.5 (156.3-199.5)

162.5 (150.0-222.5)

0.379

Anesthesia time, min, median (IQR)

245.0 (200.0-285.0)

220.0 (201.3-253.8)

202.5 (193.8–270.0)

0.508