Table 2 Haemodynamic parameters of the RA and UA before and after costoclavicular BPB

RA

  PSV (cm/s)

36.68 (7.26)

55.07 (12.28)

57.26 (13.96)

58.97 (13.86)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

NS

NS

  EDV (cm/s)

9.17 (1.71)

19.69 (7.45)

20.94 (8.63)

21.76 (7.11)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

NS

NS

  V_mean(cm/s)

16.38 (4.87)

27.20 (7.74)

28.43 (7.40)

29.58 (7.32)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.042

NS

  Area (cm²)

0.056 (0.011)

0.063 (0.012)

0.065 (0.014)

0.068 (0.015)

0.033

0.026

0.012

NS

NS

  RI

0.87 (0.11)

0.74 (0.12)

0.73 (0.10)

0.72 (0.11)

0.0058

0.0032

0.0027

NS

NS

  PI

3.21 (0.60)

2.35 (0.49)

2.35 (0.43)

2.25 (0.37)

0.0028

0.0012

0.0017

NS

NS

  VFR (ml/s)

0.92 (0.33)

1.70 (0.58)

1.87 (0.66)

2.01 (0.72)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.026

NS

UA

  PSV (cm/s)

35.29 (8.64)

53.76 (11.98)

56.33 (10.79)

58.20 (10.72)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  EDV (cm/s)

8.82 (2.24)

18.69 (7.50)

20.44 (8.69)

22.12 (6.91)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  V_mean(cm/s)

13.38 (5.06)

26.74 (6.67)

28.41 (7.59)

29.72 (7.97)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  Area (cm²)

0.054 (0.011)

0.063 (0.010)

0.065 (0.010)

0.066 (0.014)

0.032

0.016

0.019

  RI

0.87 (0.10)

0.75 (0.10)

0.73 (0.13)

0.72 (0.12)

0.0074

0.0047

0.0021

  PI

3.10 (0.45)

2.22 (0.36)

2.10 (0.38)

2.07 (0.42)

0.0086

0.0046

0.0053

  VFR (ml/s)

0.72 (0.28)

1.68 (0.51)

1.83 (0.52)

1.95 (0.62)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001