Preoperative carbohydrate loading and intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy for elderly patients undergoing open gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Comparison of postoperative outcomes and complications

	GDFT group	CFT group	p
Number of patients
ITT analysis	60	60
Per protocol analysis	55	57
Primary outcome
Patients with complications
ITT analysis	15 (25.0%)	29 (48.3%)	0.013
Per protocol analysis	14 (25.5%)	27 (47.4%)	0.016
List of complications (Per protocol analysis only)
Infection	5 (9.1%)	13 (22.8%)	0.048
Respiratory	5 (9.1%)	9 (15.8%)	0.284
Cardiovascular	6 (10.9%)	9 (15.8%)	0.448
Abdominal	6 (10.9%)	10 (17.5%)	0.316
Renal	1 (1.8%)	2 (3.5%)	1.000
Others	2 (3.6%)	2 (3.5%)	1.000
Secondary outcomes
Time to first flatus (hours)
ITT analysis	56 ± 14.1	64 ± 22.3	0.002
Per protocol analysis	55 ± 13.9	65 ± 22.6	0.004
Time to first oral taken (hours)
ITT analysis	72 ± 16.9	85 ± 26.8	0.011
Per protocol analysis	72 ± 17.4	85 ± 27.5	0.002
Postoperative hospitalization (days)
ITT analysis	9.1 ± 2.8	9.7 ± 3.2	0.290
Per protocol analysis	9.2 ± 2.9	9.7 ± 3.1	0.397
Amount hospital charges (RMB)
ITT analysis	57,599 ± 16,363	62,802 ± 19,891	0.120
Per protocol analysis	56,845 ± 16,446	60,571 ± 16,579	0.235
Admission to ICU
ITT analysis	6 (10%)	7 (11.7%)	0.769
Per protocol analysis	5 (9.1%)	6 (10.5%)	0.799
Postoperative mortality
ITT analysis	0 (0%)	2 (3.5%)	0.496
Per protocol analysis	0 (0%)	2 (3.3%)	0.496

Note: Values are absolute (percentage) or mean ± SD (standard deviation)
ITT intention to treat analysis, Per protocol only patients performed intraoperative protocol in full extent, RMB Renminbi, ICU intensive care unit

ISSN: 1471-2253