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Table 2 Intra- and postoperative data

From: The effect of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative blood glucose homeostasis: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Variables

Dexmedetomidine group (n = 303)

Control group (n = 306)

Duration of anesthesia, mean (SD), h

4.8 (1.8)

4.9 (2.0)

Duration of surgery, mean (SD), h

3.6 (1.8)

3.6 (1.8)

Intraoperative drugs

  Study drug, median (IQR), ml

30.0 (23.0, 38.0)

29.0 (23.0, 38.0)

  Propofol, median (IQR), mg

817 (600, 1102)

960 (669, 1320)

  Sufentanil, median (IQR), μg

72.0 (55.0, 93.0)

78.5 (60.0, 106.0)

  Use of tropisetron, n (%)

268 (88.4)

263 (85.9)

  Use of NSAIDs, n (%) a

11 (3.6)

10 (3.3)

  Use of glucocorticoids, n (%)

298 (98.3)

297 (97.1)

    Low-dose glucocorticoids b

295 (97.4)

295 (96.4)

    High-dose methylprednisolone c

3 (1.0)

2 (0.7)

Average BIS value, mean (SD) d

50.5 (3.7) (n = 291)

51.0 (4.9) (n = 294)

Average MAP, mean (SD), mmHg

79.3 (20.2)

79.9 (22.0)

Location of surgery, n (%)

  Intra-thoracic

56 (18.5)

53 (17.3)

  Intra-abdominal

200 (66.0)

221 (72.2)

  Spinal

47 (15.5)

32 (10.5)

Type of surgery, n (%)

  Thoraco-laparoscopic

230 (75.9)

248 (81.0)

  Open thoraco-abdominal/spinal

75 (24.1)

58 (19.0)

Total fluid infusion, median (IQR), ml e

2300 (1700, 3100)

2250 (1600, 3350)

  Allogenic red blood cells, n (%)

20 (6.6)

24 (7.8)

Urine output, median (IQR), ml

600 (300, 900)

400 (250, 650)

Estimated blood loss, median (IQR), ml

100 (50, 300)

100 (50, 300)

No. of patients with complications, n (%) f

72 (23.8)

98 (32.0)

Postoperative LOS, median (IQR), day

8 (6, 12)

8 (6, 11)

  1. SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, NSAIDs non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, BIS Bispectral Index, MAP mean arterial blood pressure, No. number, LOS length of stay
  2. a Included parecoxib (40 mg) or flurbiprofen axetil (50 mg), administered before the end of surgery
  3. b Dexamethasone (5–10 mg) or methylprednisolone (40 mg) for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting
  4. c Methylprednisolone 500–1000 mg administered during spinal surgery
  5. d Monitored with Bispectral Index (BIS) with data collected at 1-min interval from end of anesthesia induction to end of surgery
  6. e Included hydroxyethyl starch and/or succinylated gelatin
  7. f Postoperative complications included delirium, ischemic cerebrovascular infarction, acute coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure, new onset atrial fibrillation, deep venous thrombosis, pneumonia, respiratory failure, asthma, acute kidney injury, and surgery-related complications (i.e., gastrointestinal hemorrhage, anastomotic leak and sepsis)