| Total (N = 72) | Case without SSI (N = 67) | Case with SSI (N = 5) | Unadjusted logistic regression | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p -value | |
Female | 42 | 58.3 | 41 | 61.2 | 1 | 20 | 0.18 | 0.02–1.66 | 0.13 |
Age(Month), median (IQR) | 115 | (30, 170) | 107 | (26, 172) | 145 | (118, 145) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.58 |
Age | |||||||||
  < 1y | 10 | 13.9 | 10 | 14.9 | 0 | 0.0 | (base) |  |  |
 1-2y | 11 | 15.3 | 11 | 16.4 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
 3-10y | 19 | 26.4 | 17 | 25.4 | 2 | 40.0 | 1.02 | 0.15–6.75 | 0.98 |
 11-18y | 29 | 40.3 | 26 | 38.8 | 3 | 60.0 |  |  |  |
 18y- | 6 | 8.3 | 6 | 9.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
Weight(kg), median (IQR) | 32.2 | (12.6, 53.3) | 32.2 | (12.6, 53.3) | 34.8 | (31, 35) | 1.00 | 0.97–1.04 | 0.80 |
ASA Classification | |||||||||
 Class ≤ II | 12 | 16.7 | 12 | 17.9 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
 Class ≥ III | 63 | 87.5 | 58 | 86.6 | 5 | 100.0 | 3.75 | 0.58–24.16 | 0.16 |
Wound Class | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.00* |
 1: Clean | 68 | 94.4 | 66 | 98.5 | 2 | 40.0 |  |  |  |
 2: Clean-Contaminated | 1 | 1.4 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
 3: Contaminated | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
 4: Dirty/Infected | 3 | 4.2 | 3 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
Comorbidity | |||||||||
 Brain tumor | 26 | 36.1 | 24 | 35.8 | 2 | 40.0 | 1.28 | 0.20–8.18 | 0.80 |
 Cardiac disease | 3 | 4.2 | 2 | 3.0 | 1 | 20.0 | 8.50 | 0.63–114.86 | 0.11 |
 Gastrostomy status | 13 | 18.1 | 12 | 17.9 | 1 | 20.0 | 1.21 | 0.12–11.79 | 0.87 |
 Prematurity (GA < 37 week) | 2 | 2.8 | 2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  | 1.00* |
Number of shunt revision, mean (SD) | 1 | (1, 3) | 1 | (1, 3) | 0.5 | (0, 3.5) | 0.92 | 0.59–1.42 | 0.70 |
Emergent surgery | 61 | 84.7 | 58 | 86.6 | 3 | 60.0 | 0.31 | 0.05–2.06 | 0.23 |
Duration of surgery(min), median(IQR) | 51 | (27, 74) | 51 | (37, 74) | 38.5 | (26, 51) | 0.96 | 0.89–1.04 | 0.35 |
Prophylactic antibiotics | 65 | 90.3 | 61 | 91.0 | 4 | 80.0 | 0.59 | 0.06–5.89 | 0.65 |
 Cefazolin | 55 | 76.4 | 51 | 76.1 | 4 | 80.0 | 1.49 | 0.16–14.19 | 0.73 |
 Ampicillin | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
 Cefoxitin | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
 Ciprofloxacin | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
 Cefepime | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
 Ceftazidime | 2 | 2.8 | 2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  | 1.00* |
 Ceftriaxone | 4 | 5.6 | 4 | 6.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  | 1.00* |
 Clindamycin | 2 | 2.8 | 2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  | 1.00* |
 Metronidazole | 1 | 1.4 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  | 1.00* |
 Vancomycin | 6 | 8.3 | 6 | 9.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  | 1.00* |
 Meropenem | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
Surgeon n = 10 | – | – | – | – | – | – |  |  | 0.46* |
Skin preparation agent | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 None | 11 | 15.3 | 10 | 14.9 | 1 | 20.0 | (base) |  |  |
 CHG-alcohol(Chloraprep™) | 4 | 5.6 | 4 | 6.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.64 | 0.06–6.79 | 0.71 |
 Povidone-iodine | 50 | 69.4 | 47 | 70.1 | 3 | 60.0 | 1.11 | 0.06–20.49 | 0.94 |
 Povidone-iodine and CHG-alcohol | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
 Povidone-iodine and alcohol | 10 | 13.9 | 9 | 13.4 | 1 | 20.0 |  |  |  |
 CHG, alcohol, and povidone-iodine | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
Average temperature (°C), median (IQR) | 36.3 | (35.6, 36.7) | 36.3 | (35.6, 36.7) | 36.4 | (36.4, 36.4) | 1.39 | 0.11–18.0 | 0.80 |
Minimum temperature(°C), median (IQR) | 35.5 | (34.8, 36.2) | 35.5 | (34.8, 36.2) | 35.6 | (35.6, 35.6) | 1.07 | 0.13–8.67 | 0.95 |
Propofol (mg/kg), median(IQR) | 2.9 | (1.4, 4.5) | 2.9 | (1.4, 4.4) | 3.4 | (2, 6.4) | 1.04 | 0.97–1.12 | 0.28 |
ET sevoflurane, median(IQR) | 91 | (27, 191) | 104 | (32, 193) | 21 | (0, 69) | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 | 0.16 |
ET isoflurane, median(IQR) | 0 | (0, 19) | 0 | (0, 6) | 0 | (0, 34) | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.21 |
O2 flow, median(IQR) | 280 | (193, 343) | 282 | (199, 344) | 128 | (77, 215) | 0.99 | 0.985–1.00 | 0.23 |