Table 2 Results of univariate and unadjusted logistic regression analyses for variables of case background and perioperative factors in SSIs after shunt surgery

Female

129

39.9

212

68.6

9

64.3

1.20

0.74

Age(Month), median (IQR)

139

(33, 202)

131

(33, 198)

170

(145, 209)

1.00

0.16

Age

0.17*

  < 1y

43

13.3

41

13.3

2

14.3

(base)

 1-2y

50

15.5

49

15.9

1

7.1

0.42

0.48

 3-10y

60

18.6

60

19.4

0

0.0

 11-18y

123

38.1

114

36.9

9

64.3

1.62

0.55

 18y-

47

14.6

45

14.6

2

14.3

0.91

0.93

Weight(kg), median (IQR)

33.6

(12.7, 58.2)

32.6

(12.4, 57.8)

49.8

(35.0, 58.6)

1.01

0.38

ASA Classification

 Class ≤ II

78

24.1

75

24.3

3

21.4

(base)

 Class ≥ III

245

75.9

234

75.7

11

78.6

1.18

0.81

Wound Class

1.00*

 1: Clean

320

99.1

306

99.0

14

100.0

 2: Clean-Contaminated

3

0.9

3

1.0

0

0.0

 3: Contaminated

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

 4: Dirty/Infected

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

 Brain tumor

93

28.8

87

28.2

6

42.9

1.91

0.24

 Cardiac disease

9

2.8

7

2.3

2

14.3

7.19

0.02

 Gastrostomy status

63

19.5

58

18.8

5

35.7

2.40

0.13

 Prematurity (GA < 37 week)

6

1.9

6

1.9

0

0.0

1.00*

Procedure

1.00*

 V-P shunt

306

94.7

292

94.5

14

100.0

 V-A shunt

7

2.2

7

2.3

0

0.0

 L-P shunt

10

3.1

10

3.2

0

0.0

Number of shunt revision, mean (SD)

1

(2,4)

2

(1,4)

3

(1,6)

1.12

0.07

Emergent surgery

198

61.3

190

61.5

8

57.1

0.84

0.74

Duration of surgery(min), median(IQR)

77

(56, 108)

77

(56, 108)

76

(60, 96)

1.00

0.92

Prophylactic antibiotics

320

99.1

306

99.0

14

100.0

–

1.00*

 Cefazolin

274

84.8

264

85.4

10

71.4

0.43

0.16

 Ampicillin

1

0.3

1

0.3

0

0.0

1.00*

 Cefoxitin

1

0.3

1

0.3

0

0.0

1.00*

 Ciprofloxacin

4

1.2

4

1.3

0

0.0

1.00*

 Cefepime

5

1.5

4

1.3

1

7.1

5.87

0.13

 Ceftazidime

1

0.3

1

0.3

0

0.0

1.00*

 Ceftriaxone

5

1.5

5

1.6

0

0.0

1.00*

 Clindamycin

19

5.9

16

5.2

3

21.4

4.99

0.02

 Metronidazole

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

 Vancomycin

23

7.1

21

6.8

2

14.3

2.29

0.3

 Meropenem

3

0.9

3

1.0

0

0.0

1.00*

Surgeon n = 10

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.54*

Skin preparation agent

0.93*

 None

36

11.1

35

11.3

1

7.1

(base)

 CHG-alcohol(Chloraprep™)

235

72.8

224

72.5

11

78.6

1.72

0.61

 Povidone-iodine

17

5.3

16

5.2

1

7.1

2.19

0.59

 Povidone-iodine and CHG-alcohol

5

1.5

5

1.6

0

0.0

 Povidone-iodine and alcohol

28

8.7

27

8.7

1

7.1

1.30

0.86

 CHG, alcohol, and povidone-iodine

2

0.6

2

0.6

0

0.0

Average temperature (°C), median (IQR)

36.0

(35.6, 36.4)

36.0

(35.6, 36.4)

35.1

(35.1, 35.1)

0.18

0.23

Minimum temperature(°C), median (IQR)

35.4

(34.8, 35.9)

35.4

(34.8, 35.9)

34.9

(34.9, 34.9)

0.44

0.56

Propofol (mg/kg), median(IQR)^a

2.9

(2.0, 4.7)

2.9

(1.4, 3.8)

3.0

(2.1, 6.3)

1.00

0.96

ET sevoflurane, median(IQR)^a

192

(102, 293)

192

(102, 298)

172

(116, 253)

1.00

0.78

ET isoflurane, median(IQR)^a

0

(0, 0)

0

(0, 0)

0

(0, 0)

0.99

0.29

O2 flow, median(IQR)^a

347

(272, 440)

347

(271, 451)

340

(278, 425)

1.00

0.99