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Table 1 Demographic and Fentanyl-induced cough frequency and severity based on the administration of Lidocaine, Huffing Maneuver, or combined therapy

From: Comparison of lidocaine, huffing maneuver and combination of both in prevention fentanyl induced cough before induction of anesthesia: a double-blind, prospective, randomized placebo-controlled study

Variables

Groups n = 400

P-value*

Integrated Protocol Group n = 100

Lidocaine group n = 100

Huffing group n = 100

Control group n = 100

Age

42.67 ± 12.73

40.99 ± 10.75

44.05 ± 14.84

41.24 ± 15.03

0.345

Sex

Male

45 (45%)

50 (50%)

47 (47%)

47 (47%)

0.916

Female

55 (55%)

50 (50%)

53 (53%)

53 (53%)

Fentanyl-induced cough frequency

9 (9%)

45 (45%)

22 (22%)

75 (75%)

< 0.001

Severity

Moderate

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

13 (13%)

< 0.001

Severe

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

4 (4%)

  1. * ANOVA test for age; Chi-square test for sex, and cough evaluation