Characterization of self-anticipated pain score prior to elective surgery - a prospective observational study

BMC Anesthesiology

Table 2 Univariate analysis of the associations between patient’s anticipated pain intensity and the perioperative factors

	Anticipated moderate-to-severe pain^a
	AOR	95% CI	P value
Gender
Male	Ref		0.001
Female	1.971	1.488–2.611	0.001
Age (years)
0–40	Ref		0.003
> 40	0.608	0.439–0.848	0.003
Prior surgical history
No	Ref		0.266
Yes	0.834	0.607–1.148	0.266
BMI
< 18.5	Ref
18.5 ~ 24.9	1.176	0.584–2.382	0.652
> 24.9	0.912	0.454–1.834	0.797
Regular benzodiazepine use at bedtime
No	Ref		0.035
Yes	1.632	1.035–2.574	0.035
Depression^b
No	Ref		0.409
Yes	1.231	0.752–2.017	0.409
Educational levels
Illiteracy	Ref
< High school	1.074	0.545–2.119	0.836
≥ University	1.331	0.659–2.691	0.425
ASA physical status
I-II	Ref		0.114
III-V	0.751	0.526–1.072	0.114
Types of anesthesia
General anesthesia	Ref		0.046
Regional anesthesia	0.682	0.467–0.994	0.046
Types of surgery with different expected pain^c
Lowest	Ref
Low	2.387	1.452–3.922	0.001
Moderate	3.010	1.687–5.373	< 0.001
High	3.757	2.373–5.948	< 0.001
Highest	4.258	2.678–6.769	< 0.001

AOR adjusted odd ratio, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, CI confidence interval, NRS numeric rating scale. ^aModerate-to-severe anticipated pain was defined as a NRS ≥4. ^bThe presence of depressive symptoms was screened using a culturally relevant depression screening questionnaire, the Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ) [19]. ^cTypes of surgical procedures that were associated with different levels of expected postoperative pain intensity were graded according to a clinical prediction rule established by Jessen and his colleagues [22]. A stepwise regression model was used to determine the values of AOR and 95% CI for each associated factor

ISSN: 1471-2253