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Fig. 2 | BMC Anesthesiology

Fig. 2

From: Anesthetics may modulate cancer surgical outcome: a possible role of miRNAs regulation

Fig. 2

Anesthetic affect pro- and anti-cancer miRNA expressions leading to cancer biology changes. a. Inhalational anesthetic reagents modulate miRNA expressions. Isoflurane exposure to ovarian cancer cells increases glycolysis via PI3K/Akt pathway and HIF-1α by miR-21 upregulation, one of oncogenes. Sevoflurane inhibits cancer cell proliferation via PI3K/Akt pathway with miR-203 upregulation in breast cancer cells. In CRC, sevoflurane reduces cancer invasion and migration via the suppression of ERK pathway and MMP-9 by miR-203 upregulation. For glioma cells, sevoflurane increases miR-637 expressions resulting in the decrease of cancer migration and invasion via Akt pathway inhibition. b. Propofol exposure alters anti-cancer miRNAs. Propofol upregulates miR-143 in osteosarcoma cells, decreasing cancer cell proliferation by MMP-13 inhibition via PI3K/Akt pathway. In gastric cancer cells, propofol exposure induces apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway and MMP-2 by miR-218 upregulation whereas propofol causes apoptosis by miR-451 in glioblastoma cells. For hepatocellular carcinoma, propofol decreases MMP-9 expression by PI3K/Akt pathway suppression via miR-199a upregulation. Ov: ovarian cancer cell, BC: breast cancer cell, G: glioma, CRC: colorectal cancer, OS: osteosarcoma, GC: gastric cancer, GB: glioblastoma, HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma, PI3K/Akt: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factors 1α, NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, MMP: matrix metallopeptidases

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